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'''Latin Diocese of Tortosa in Syria''' was a [[Roman Catholic]] diocese established in the [[Syria (region)|Syrian]] city of [[Tartus]] after the [[First Crusade]].
There had not existed a [[Greek Orthodox]] see of Tortosa. The diocese was formed by combining three Orthodox sees that had existed in the 10th century: [[Antarados]], [[Arados]] and [[Maraclea]]. Traditionally, these were the northernmost [[suffragan]]s of the [[archdiocese of Tyre]] within the [[Latin Patriarchate of Antioch|patriarchate of Antioch]]. Under Crusader rule, it fell within the [[County of Tripoli]]. The first Latin bishop was appointed by Patriarch [[Bernard of Valence]] in 1127 or 1128 under his direct jurisdiction, which caused a lengthy dispute with the archbishops of Tyre. In 1138, [[Pope Innocent II]] absolved the bishop of Tortosa of his oath of obedience to the patriarch of Antioch and ordered him to submit to the archbishop of Tyre, [[Patriarch Fulk of Jerusalem|Fulk]].
In 1152, Tortosa was briefly occupied by the troops of Emir [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur al-Din]]. In response, Bishop William hired the [[Knights Templar]] to defend the cathedral in exchange for ecclesiastical privileges. In the agreement with the Templars, the bishop reserved for himself only the church of Maraclea and the churches of Tortosa and its port, with the exception of the castle chapel. In all other churches in the diocese, save those that already belonged to the [[Knights Hospitaller]], the Templars were to exercise parochial rights. From this point on, most of the diocese was effectively controlled by the Templars, staffed by its priests and not paying [[tithes]] to the bishop. This control, however, was limited to rural areas and was probably lesser in fact than it appears in the surviving agreement. The Templars successfully held out in the citadel against the attacks of [[Saladin]] in 1188.
The [[Cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa]] was the site of a major shrine to the [[Virgin Mary]], the only such cathedral shrine in the patriarchate of Antioch. It was a centre of pilgrimage. By the 13th century, it had acquired land in [[Western Europe]]. In 1213, Raymond, the eldest son of Prince [[Bohemond IV of Antioch]], was murdered by the [[Order of Assassins|Assassins]] in the cathedral.
When Patriarch [[Peter of Lucedio]] was too ill to attend the [[Fourth Lateran Council]] in November 1215, he sent the bishop of Tripoli in his stead. In 1225, the bishop complained to the pope that the Templars had violated the agreement of 1152.
In 1268, Sultan [[Baybars I]] captured Antioch. The archdeacon and patriarchal vicar at the time, [[Bartholomew (bishop of Tortosa)|Bartholomew]], escaped the sack and was appointed bishop of Tortosa when that see fell vacant in 1272. This created an awkward situation, since the patriarchal vicar chose to reside in the most important city left in the patriarchate, [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]]. This led to conflict with the [[Latin Diocese of Tripoli|bishop of Tripoli]]. Tortosa ceased to be a residential bishopric in 1291. On 3 August, the Templars and Bartholomew evacuated the city.
==List of bishops==
''Dates are [[floruit]]s.''
*anonymous (February 1128)
*[[William I (bishop of Tortosa)|William I]] (1142–1152)
*William II ?
*[[William III (bishop of Tortosa)|William III]] (1263–c. 1268)
*[[Bartholomew (bishop of Tortosa)|Bartholomew]] (c. 1272–c. 1292)
==Notes==
==Bibliography==
*
*
*
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in the Crusader states|Tortosa]]
[[Category:Catholic Church in the Middle East]]
There had not existed a [[Greek Orthodox]] see of Tortosa. The diocese was formed by combining three Orthodox sees that had existed in the 10th century: [[Antarados]], [[Arados]] and [[Maraclea]]. Traditionally, these were the northernmost [[suffragan]]s of the [[archdiocese of Tyre]] within the [[Latin Patriarchate of Antioch|patriarchate of Antioch]]. Under Crusader rule, it fell within the [[County of Tripoli]]. The first Latin bishop was appointed by Patriarch [[Bernard of Valence]] in 1127 or 1128 under his direct jurisdiction, which caused a lengthy dispute with the archbishops of Tyre. In 1138, [[Pope Innocent II]] absolved the bishop of Tortosa of his oath of obedience to the patriarch of Antioch and ordered him to submit to the archbishop of Tyre, [[Patriarch Fulk of Jerusalem|Fulk]].
In 1152, Tortosa was briefly occupied by the troops of Emir [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur al-Din]]. In response, Bishop William hired the [[Knights Templar]] to defend the cathedral in exchange for ecclesiastical privileges. In the agreement with the Templars, the bishop reserved for himself only the church of Maraclea and the churches of Tortosa and its port, with the exception of the castle chapel. In all other churches in the diocese, save those that already belonged to the [[Knights Hospitaller]], the Templars were to exercise parochial rights. From this point on, most of the diocese was effectively controlled by the Templars, staffed by its priests and not paying [[tithes]] to the bishop. This control, however, was limited to rural areas and was probably lesser in fact than it appears in the surviving agreement. The Templars successfully held out in the citadel against the attacks of [[Saladin]] in 1188.
The [[Cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa]] was the site of a major shrine to the [[Virgin Mary]], the only such cathedral shrine in the patriarchate of Antioch. It was a centre of pilgrimage. By the 13th century, it had acquired land in [[Western Europe]]. In 1213, Raymond, the eldest son of Prince [[Bohemond IV of Antioch]], was murdered by the [[Order of Assassins|Assassins]] in the cathedral.
When Patriarch [[Peter of Lucedio]] was too ill to attend the [[Fourth Lateran Council]] in November 1215, he sent the bishop of Tripoli in his stead. In 1225, the bishop complained to the pope that the Templars had violated the agreement of 1152.
In 1268, Sultan [[Baybars I]] captured Antioch. The archdeacon and patriarchal vicar at the time, [[Bartholomew (bishop of Tortosa)|Bartholomew]], escaped the sack and was appointed bishop of Tortosa when that see fell vacant in 1272. This created an awkward situation, since the patriarchal vicar chose to reside in the most important city left in the patriarchate, [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]]. This led to conflict with the [[Latin Diocese of Tripoli|bishop of Tripoli]]. Tortosa ceased to be a residential bishopric in 1291. On 3 August, the Templars and Bartholomew evacuated the city.
==List of bishops==
''Dates are [[floruit]]s.''
*anonymous (February 1128)
*[[William I (bishop of Tortosa)|William I]] (1142–1152)
*William II ?
*[[William III (bishop of Tortosa)|William III]] (1263–c. 1268)
*[[Bartholomew (bishop of Tortosa)|Bartholomew]] (c. 1272–c. 1292)
==Notes==
==Bibliography==
*
*
*
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in the Crusader states|Tortosa]]
[[Category:Catholic Church in the Middle East]]
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