Saturday, November 28, 2020

List of deer

Drmies: zero edit to note that this came from the article Deer; please see that history for attribution


This is a list of deer.

===Extant subfamilies, genera and species===
The subfamily [[Capreolinae]] consists of 9 genera and 36 species, while [[Cervinae]] comprises 10 genera and 55 species.<ref name=MSW3></ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2) [[Hydropotinae]] consists of a single species, the [[water deer]] (''H. inermis''); however, a 1998 study placed it under Capreolinae.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> The following list is based on molecular and phylogenetic studies by zoologists such as Groves and Grubb.<ref name=taxo1>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name=taxo2>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name=taxo3>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name=taxo4>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name=taxo5>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
* '''Subfamily [[Capreolinae]]''' ([[Odocoileinae]] or New World deer)
** '''Tribe [[Alceini]]'''
*** [[File:Bigbullmoose.jpg | thumb | [[Moose]], the largest species of deer]] Genus ''Alces''
**** [[Moose|Moose or Eurasian elk]] (''A. alces'')
** '''Tribe [[Capreolini]]'''
*** Genus ''[[Capreolus]]''
**** [[Roe deer|Western roe deer]] (''C. capreolus'')
**** [[Eastern roe deer]] (''C. pygargus''; considered a subspecies of the western roe deer until the late 20th century)
** '''Tribe [[Rangiferini]] or [[Odocoileini]] (reindeer and New World deer)'''
*** Genus ''[[Blastocerus]]''
**** [[Marsh deer]] (''B. dichotomus'')
*** Genus ''[[Hippocamelus]]''
**** [[Taruca]] (''H. antisensis'')
**** [[South Andean deer|Huemul]] (''H. bisulcus'')
*** Genus ''[[Brocket deer|Mazama]]''
**** [[Gray brocket]] (''M. gouazoubira'')
***** [[Amazonian brown brocket]] (''M. nemorivaga''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the gray brocket)
***** [[Brazilian brocket]] (''M. superciliaris''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the gray brocket)
***** [[Colombian brocket]] (''M. sanctaemartae''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of gray brocket)
***** [[Ecuador brocket]] (''M. murelia''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the gray brocket)
***** [[Isla San Jose brocket]] (''M. permira''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the gray brocket)
***** [[Northern Venezuelan brocket]] (''M. cita''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of gray brocket)
***** [[Peruvian brocket]] (''M. tschudii''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the gray brocket)
***** [[Gray brocket|Rodon]] (''M. rondoni''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the gray brocket)
**** [[Little red brocket]] (''M. rufina'')
***** [[Pygmy brocket]] (''M. nana''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of little red brocket)
**** [[Merida brocket]] (''M. bricenii'')
***** [[Dwarf brocket]] (''M. chunyi''; sometimes considered a subspecies of the Merida brocket)
**** [[Red brocket]] (''M. americana'')
***** [[Brazilian red brocket]] (''M. jucunda''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the red brocket)
***** [[Central American red brocket]] (''M. temama''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the red brocket)
***** [[Colombian red brocket]] (''M. zetta''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the red brocket)
***** [[Ecuador red brocket]] (''M. gualea''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the red brocket)
***** [[Peruvian red brocket]] (''M. zamora''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the red brocket)
***** [[Southern red brocket]] (''M. whitelyi''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the red brocket)
***** [[Trinidad red brocket]] (''M. trinitatis''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the red brocket)
**** [[Small red brocket]] or Bororo (''M. bororo'')
**** [[Yucatan brown brocket]] (''M. pandora''; formerly considered to be a subspecies of the gray brocket or the red brocket)
*** Genus ''[[Odocoileus]]''
**** [[Mule deer]] (''O. hemionus'')
**** [[White-tailed deer]] (''O. virginianus'')
*** Genus ''[[Ozotoceros]]''
**** [[Pampas deer]] (''O. bezoarticus'')
*** [[File:Pudu pudu AB.jpg | thumb | [[Pudú]], the smallest species of deer]] Genus ''Pudu''
**** [[Northern pudú]] (''P. mephistophiles'')
**** [[Southern pudú]] (''P. pudu'')
*** Genus ''Rangifer''
**** [[Reindeer|Reindeer or caribou]] (''R. tarandus'')
* [[File:Tufteddeer-2.jpg | thumb | upright | [[Tufted deer]], along with other muntjacs and the [[water deer]], are the only living cervids with tusks.]] '''Subfamily [[Cervinae]] (Old World deer)'''
** '''Tribe [[Cervini]] (true deer)'''
*** Genus ''[[Chital|Axis]]'' (formerly considered to be a subgenus of ''Cervus'')
**** [[Chital]] (''A. axis'')
***** [[Sri Lankan axis deer]] (''A. axis ceylonensis'')
*** Genus ''[[Cervus]]''
**** [[Red deer]] (''C. elaphus'')
***** [[Caspian red deer|Maral deer]] (''C. maral''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the west European red deer)
***** [[Corsican red deer]] (''C. corsicanus''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the west European red deer)
***** [[Yarkand deer]] (''C. yarkandensis''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the west European red deer)
***** [[Bactrian deer]] (''C. bactrianus''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the west European red deer)
**** [[Thorold's deer]] (''C. albirostris'')
**** [[Sika deer]] (''C. nippon'')
***** [[Vietnamese deer]] (''C. pseudaxis''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the sika deer)
***** [[Tsushima Island deer]] (''C. pulchellus''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the sika deer)
***** [[Formosan deer]] (''C. taiouanus''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the sika deer)
**** [[Kashmir wapiti]] (''C. hanglu''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the west European red deer or the American wapiti)
**** [[American wapiti]] (elk) (''C. canadensis'')
***** [[Manchurian wapiti]] (''C. xanthopygus''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the American wapiti)
***** [[Tibetan wapiti]] (''C. wallichi''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the American wapiti)
***** [[Sichuan wapiti]] (''C. macneilli''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the American wapiti)
***** [[Alashan wapiti]] (''C. alashanicus''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the American wapiti)
*** Genus ''[[Dama (deer)|Dama]]''
**** [[Fallow deer]] (''D. dama'')
**** [[Persian fallow deer]] (''D. mesopotamica'')
*** [[File:Elaphurus davidianus 001.jpg | thumb| [[Père David's deer]] is an extremely endangered species, and extinct in the wild.]] Genus ''[[Elaphurus]]''
**** [[Père David's deer]] (''E. davidianus'')
*** Genus ''[[Hyelaphus]]'' (formerly considered to be a subgenus of ''Axis'')
**** [[Bawean deer]] (''H. kuhlii'')
**** [[Calamian deer]] (''H. calamianensis'')
**** [[Hog deer]] (''H. porcinus'')
***** [[Indochinese hog deer]] (''H. annamiticus''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the hog deer)
*** Genus ''[[Eld's deer|Panolia]]''<ref name=genus></ref>
**** [[Manipur Eld's deer]] (''P. eldii'')
***** [[Eastern Eld's deer]] (''P. siamensis''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the Manipur Eld's deer)
***** [[Thamin]] (''P. thamin''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the Manipur Eld's deer)
*** Genus ''[[Rucervus]]''
**** [[Barasingha]] (''R. duvaucelii'')
***** [[Eastern swamp deer]] (''R. ranjitsinhi''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the barasingha)
***** [[Western swamp deer]] (''R. branderi''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the barasingha)
*** Genus ''[[Rusa (genus)|Rusa]]'' (sometimes considered synonymous to ''Cervus'')
**** [[Mindanao mountain deer]] (''R. nigellus''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the Philippine sambar)
**** [[Mindoro deer]] (''R. barandanus''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the Philippine sambar)
**** [[Philippine sambar]] (''R. mariannus'')
**** [[Prince Alfred's deer]] (''R. alfredi'')
**** [[Javan rusa]] (''R. timorensis'')
**** [[Sambar deer]] (''R. unicolor'')
***** [[Southeast Asian sambar]] (''R. equinus''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the sambar deer)
** '''Tribe [[Muntiacini]]'''
*** Genus ''[[Elaphodus]]''
**** [[Tufted deer]] (''E. cephalophus'')
*** Genus ''[[Muntiacus]]''
**** [[Annamite muntjac]] (''M. truongsonensis'')
**** [[Bornean yellow muntjac]] (''M. atherodes'')
**** [[Fea's muntjac]] (''M. feae'')
**** [[Giant muntjac]] (''M. vuquangensis'')
**** [[Gongshan muntjac]] (''M. gongshanensis'')
**** [[Hairy-fronted muntjac]] (''M. crinifrons'')
**** [[Javan muntjac]] (''M. muntjak'')
***** [[Black-legged muntjac]] (''M. nigripes''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the Javan muntjac)
***** [[Indian muntjac]] (''M. aureus''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the Javan muntjac)
***** [[Northern red muntjac]] (''M. vaginalis''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the Javan muntjac)
***** [[Sri Lankan muntjac]] (''M. malabaricus''; sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the Javan muntjac)
**** [[Leaf muntjac]] (''M. putaoensis'')
**** [[Pu Hoat muntjac]] (''M. puhoatensis'')
**** [[Reeves's muntjac]] (''M. reevesi'')
**** [[Roosevelt's muntjac]] (''M. rooseveltorum'')
**** [[Sumatran muntjac]] (''M. montanum'')
* '''Subfamily [[Hydropotinae]]'''
**'''Tribe [[Hydropotini]]'''
*** Genus ''[[Hydropotes]]''
**** [[Water deer]] (''H. inermis'')

===Extinct subfamilies, genera and species===
The following is the classification of the extinct cervids with known fossil record:
* '''Subfamily [[Procervulinae]]''' (Miocene)<ref></ref>
** Genus ''[[Procervulus]]''
***''[[Procervulus dichotoma|P. dichotoma]]''
* '''Subfamily [[Cervinae]]''' (Old World deer)
** Tribe [[Muntjac|Muntiacini]] (Muntjacs)
*** Genus ''[[Dicrocerus]]''
**** ''[[Dicrocerus elegans|D. elegans]]''
**** ''[[Dicrocerus furcatus|D. furcatus]]''
**** ''[[Dicrocerus necatus|D. necatus]]''
**** ''[[Dicrocerus teres|D. teres]]''
**** ''[[Dicrocerus trilateralis|D. trilateralis]]''
*** Genus ''[[Euprox]]''<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
**** ''[[Euprox robustus|E. robustus]]''
**** ''[[Euprox furcatus|E. furcatus]]''
*** Genus ''[[Eustyloceros]]''<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
**** ''[[Eustyloceros blainvillei|E. blainvillei]]''
**** ''[[Eustyloceros hezhengensis|E. hezhengensis]]''
**** ''[[Eustyloceros longchuanensis|E. longchuanensis]]''
**** ''[[Eustyloceros maci|E. maci]]''
**** ''[[Eustyloceros pidoplitschkoi|E. pidoplitschkoi]]''
**** ''[[Eustyloceros propria|E. propria]]''
*** Genus ''[[Muntjac|Muntiacus]]''
**** ''[[Muntiacus leilaoensis|M. leilaoensis]]''
**** ''[[Muntiacus pliocaenicus|M. pliocaenicus]]''
**** ''[[Muntiacus polonicus|M. polonicus]]''
*** Genus ''[[Paracervulus]]''<ref></ref>
*** Genus ''[[Stephanocemas]]''<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
**** ''[[Stephanocemas actauensis|S. actauensis]]''
**** ''[[Stephanocemas aralensis|S. aralensis]]''
**** ''[[Stephanocemas chinghaiensis|S. chinghaiensis]]''
**** ''[[Stephanocemas palmatus|S. palmatus]]''
**** ''[[Stephanocemas rucha|S. rucha]]''
**** ''[[Stephanocemas thomsoni|S. thomsoni]]''
** Tribe [[Cervini]] ("true" deer)
*** Genus ''[[Arvernoceros]]''<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
**** ''[[Arvernoceros giuli|A. giuli]]''
*** Genus ''[[Chital|Axis]]''
**** ''[[Axis nesti|A. nesti]]''
**** ''[[Axis eurygonos|A. eurygonos]]''
*** Genus ''[[Candiacervus]]'' (sometimes considered a subgenus as ''[[Megaloceros]]'' or synonym of ''[[Praemegaceros]]''; Possibly polyphyletic)
**** ''[[Candiacervus rethymnensis|C. rethymnensis]]''
**** ''[[Candiacervus major|C. major]]''
**** ''[[Candiacervus dorothensis|C. dorothensis]]''
**** ''[[Candiacervus ropalophorus|C. ropalophorus]]''
**** ''[[Cretan Dwarf Megacerine|C. cretensis]]''
*** Genus ''[[Cervavitus]]'' (?subgenus as ''[[Megaloceros]]'')
*** Genus ''[[Cervus]]''
**** ''[[Cervus ertborni|C. ertborni]]''
**** ''[[Cervus falconeri|C. falconeri]]''
**** ''[[Cervus giganteus|C. giganteus]]''
**** ''[[Cervus rhenanus|C. rhenanus]]''
**** ''[[Cervus lascrucensis|C. lascrucensis]]''
***Genus ''[[Croizetoceros]]''<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
**** ''[[Croizetoceros ramosus|C. ramosus]]''
*** Genus ''[[Dama (deer)|Dama]]''<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
**** ''[[Dama dolichopsis|D. dolichopsis]]''
**** ''[[Dama ensifer|D. ensifer]]''
**** ''[[Dama laevicornis|D. laevicornis]]''
**** ''[[Dama virginiana|D. virginiana]]''
**** ''[[Dama whitneyi|D. whitneyi]]''
*** Genus ''[[Elaphurus]]''
**** ''[[Elaphurus formosanus|E. formosanus]]''
**** ''[[Elaphurus meziesianus|E. meziesianus]]''
**** ''[[Elaphurus bifurcatus|E. bifurcatus]]''
**** ''[[Elaphurus shikamai|E. shikamai]]''
*** Genus ''[[Eucladoceros]]''
**** ''[[Eucladoceros tetraceros]]''
*** [[File:Irish Elk.jpg | thumb | [[Irish elk]], one of the [[largest cervids]] ever]] Genus ''[[Megaloceros]]''
**** ''[[Megaloceros antecedens|M. antecedens]]''
**** ''[[Irish elk|M. giganteus]]''
*** Genus ''[[Neomegaloceros]]''<ref name=Vislobokova2011>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
*** Genus ''[[Nesoleipoceros]]''
*** Genus ''[[Megaloceros|Orchonoceros]]'' (sometimes considered a subgenus as ''Megaloceros'')
*** Genus ''[[Pliocervus]]''<ref></ref>
*** Genus ''[[Megaloceros|Praemegaceros]]'' (sometimes considered a subgenus as ''Megaloceros'')
**** ''[[Praemegaceros obscurus|P. obscurus]]''
**** ''[[Praemegaceros dawkinsi|P. dawkinsi]]''
**** ''[[Praemegaceros savini|P. savini]]''
**** ''[[Praemegaceros verticornis|P. verticornis]]''
**** ''[[Praemegaceros cazioti|P. cazioti]]''
*** Genus ''[[Megaloceros|Praesinomegaceros]]'' (sometimes considered a subgenus as ''Megaloceros'')
**** ''[[Praesinomegaceros venustus|P. venustus]]''
**** ''[[Praesinomegaceros asiaticus|P. asiaticus]]''
*** Genus ''[[Pseudodama]]''<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
*** Genus ''[[Rucervus]]''
**** [[Schomburgk's deer]] (''R. schomburgki'')
*** ''[[Sinomegaceros]]'' (sometimes considered a subgenus as ''Megaloceros'')
**** ''[[Sinomegaceros luochuanensis|S. luochuanensis]]''
**** ''[[Sinomegaceros pachyosteus|S. pachyosteus]]''
* '''Subfamily [[Capreolinae]]''' (New World or telemetecarpal deer)
** Tribe [[Capreolini]]
*** Genus ''[[Bretzia]]''<ref name=Morejohn2005>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
**** ''[[Bretzia pseudalces|B. pseudalces]]''
**** ''[[Bretzia nebrascensis|B. nebrascensis]]''
*** Genus ''[[Capreolus]]''
**** ''[[Capreolus constantini|C. constantini]]''
**** ''[[Capreolus suessenbornensis|C. suessenbornensis]]''
*** [[File:ROM - Stag-moose.jpg | thumb | [[Stag-moose]] was the largest cervid ever to live.]] Genus ''Cervalces'' (?= ''Alces'')
****''[[Cervalces latifrons|C. latifrons]]''
****''[[Cervalces scotti|C. scotti]]''
*** Genus ''[[Libralces]]'' (?=''Cervalces'' or ''Alces'')
**** ''[[Libralces gallicus|L. gallicus]]''
**** ''[[Libralces reynoldsi|L. reynoldsi]]''
*** Genus ''[[Procapreolus]]''<ref name=Valli2008>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
**** ''[[Procapreolus cusanus|P. cusanus]]''
**** ''[[Procapreolus moldavicus|P. moldavicus]]''
**** ''[[Procapreolus stenos|P. stenos]]''
**** ''[[Procapreolus ucrainicus|P. ucrainicus]]''
*** Genus ''[[Pseudalces]]''<ref name=Flerov1965>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
**** ''[[Pseudalces mirandus|P. mirandus]]''
**** ''[[Pseudalces wenzensis|P. wenzensis]]''
** Tribe [[Rangiferini]]
*** Genus ''[[Agalmaceros]]''
**** ''[[Agalmaceros blicki|A. blicki]]''
*** Genus ''[[Antifer]]''
**** ''[[Antifer ultra|A. ultra]]''
**** ''[[Antifer crassus|A. crassus]]''
*** Genus ''[[Blastocerus]]''
**** ''[[Blastocerus extraneus|B. extraneus]]''
**** ''[[Blastocerus arpeitianus|B. arpeitianus]]''
*** Genus ''[[Charitoceros]]''<ref name=Valli2018>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
*** Genus ''[[Eocoileus]]''<ref name=Webb2008>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
**** ''[[Eocoileus gentryorum|E. gentryorum]]''
*** Genus ''[[Epieuryceros]]''<ref name=Alcaraz2004>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
**** ''[[Epieuryceros proximus|E. proximus]]''
**** ''[[Epieuryceros truncus|E. truncus]]''
*** Genus ''[[Morenelaphus]]''
**** ''[[Morenelaphus lujanensis|M. lujanensis]]''
**** ''[[Morenelaphus brachyceros|M. brachyceros]]''
**** ''[[Morenelaphus fragilis|M. fragilis]]''
*** Genus ''[[Odocoileus]]''
**** ''[[Odocoileus brachyodontus|O. brachyodontus]]''
**** ''[[Odocoileus dolichopsis|O. dolichopsis]]''
**** ''[[Odocoileus laevicornis|O. laevicornis]]''
**** ''[[Odocoileus sellardsiae|O. sellardsiae]]''
**** ''[[American mountain deer|O. lucasi]]''
*** Genus ''[[Torontoceros]]''
**** ''[[Torontoceros hypocaeus|T. hypocaeus]]''

==References==


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