Tedder: add CEO
'''DataWorks Plus''' LLC is a privately held<ref name="fr808358"/> [[biometrics]] [[systems integrator]] based in [[Greenville, South Carolina]]. The company started in 2000 and originally focused on [[mugshot]] management, adding [[facial recognition]] beginning in 2005. Brad Bylenga is the CEO, and Todd Pastorini is the EVP and GM.<ref name="nyt">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="govt_Data">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== Products ==
The company focuses on [[biometrics]] storage and matching, including fingerprints, palm prints, irises, tattoos, and mugshots.<ref name="nyt" />
Face Watch can continuously detect on live video streams, recognizing faces on individual video frames and cataloging the timestamps.<ref name="fr808358"/>
FACE Plus is their photo (still image) facial recognition program. It includes advanced filtering and can reconstruct a 3D model from photos to correct their angle, called pose correction.<ref name="fr808358"/>
DataWorks uses facial recognition algorithms from [[NEC]],<ref name="nyt"/> Rank One Computing (of Colorado, CEO Brendan Klare),<ref name="nyt"/>, and [[Cognitec]].<ref name="interconn" /> Both the NEC and Rank One algorithms showed algorithmic bias in a NIST study.<ref name="nist8280">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="nyt"/> DataWorks' EVP and GM, Todd Pastorini told New York Times that they don't formally measure the accuracy or bias, but "We've become a pseudo-expert in the technology".<ref name="nyt"/><ref name="interconn" />
== Installations==
=== California===
DataWorks created the "California Facial Recognition Interconnect". This statewide face recognition network is used by [[Los Angeles County Sheriff]] (9 million images), [[San Diego County Sheriff]] (2.5 million images), [[Sacramento County Sheriff]] (1.75 million images), [[San Bernardino County Sheriff]]/[[Riverside County Sheriff]] (2.7 million images), [[Santa Barbara County Sheriff]] (since 2012, 1 million images), [[San Francisco Police Department]] (1 million images; see below), and unidentified agencies in [[San Mateo County]] and [[San Joaquin County]].<ref name="interconn">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
The [[Los Angeles County Sheriff]], using Cognitec's algorithm, acquired in 2008 on a 7-year contract, and signed a 7-year, $3.5m contract extension in 2015. The contract renewal was approved unanimously by the [[Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors]]. In addition to the Interconnect, Los Angeles County has access to fingerprinting, facial recognition, tattoo matching (2 million images or templates), composite drawing, and access to DMV images in the unrelated [[Cal-Photo]].<ref name="auw"/><ref name="reve_LosA">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="docu_LAFa">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="bossop">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="ciossa">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="muck_Expl">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
; Other California uses
[[San Diego County Sheriff]]'s use of DataWorks is well established back to at least 2007. A report discussed DataWorks installing a trial of Face Plus for facial recognition that year. The facial recognition system was in place and being upgraded to use Cognitec's algorithm in 2010.<ref name="eff_tacids">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="effgms">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
The [[San Francisco Police]]'s most recent 3-year contract was signed in 2017 for $150k per year. It included what was labeled as "FR Software" and a "Face Plus" server. It also included the "Mugshot database".<ref name="muck_SFPD1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="muck_SFPD2">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> San Francisco banned government usage of facial recognition beginning in May 2019. DataWorks's Pastorini said their tools don't use [[neural nets]] or [[machine learning]] like Microsoft's Face API or [[Amazon Rekognition]], stating "the Amazon searches are not the best forensic searches". He said banning is unfortunate because there wasn't evidence of misuse in San Francisco. The New York Times noted NEC's technology does use neural nets.<ref name="onez_TheB">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="interconn"/>
[[San Jose Police Department]] uses the DataWorks fingerprint biometric system from at least 2011.<ref name="muck_Expl"/>
=== Florida ===
DataWorks says they have sold over 5000 fingerprint devices in the state of Florida.<ref name="fr808358"/>
=== Michigan ===
DataWorks has worked with the Michigan DMV (Department of Public Safety) and the [[Michigan State Police]] since 2001. Their database contains at least 8 million criminal images and 32 million DMV photos. Additionally, DataWorks and Michigan State Police integrated with [[FBI]]'s [[Next Generation Identification]] facial recognition pilot. Later they added the Maryland Department of Public Safety's system with the FBI system. This system includes 25 agencies and over 1000 users.<ref name="fr808358"/><ref name="auw">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="nyt"/>
The City of Detroit and Detroit Police Department, with access to at least 500k mugshots. In 2017 DataWorks signed a 3-year $1m contract for "FACE Watch Plus real-time video surveillance". It consumes feeds from Project Green Light, which is a network of over 500 cameras on public and private property. It includes cameras on stoplights as well as gas stations, pharmacies, health clinics, churches, apartments, hotels, and (beginning in 2018) schools. The 2017 DataWorks contract references being used for 100 video feeds. Additionally, the Crime Intelligence Unit is licensed to use the Michigan's Statewide Network of Agency Photos (SNAP) with DataWorks, adding access to DMV photos. DataWorks integrated with [[Motorola]]'s [[Command Central Aware Console]].<ref name="auw" /><ref name="wire_Some">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="detr_Crit">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="scri_Data">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="nyti_AsCa">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="free_Expe">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="fr808358">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="nyt" />
=== Chicago ===
The [[Chicago Police Department]] and [[Chicago Transit Authority]] are using "FACE Watch Plus" (realtime recognition) on Chicago's security camera network, which includes approximately 20,000 video cameras. This is integrated with [[Genetec]]'s Omnicast. DataWorks noted they provide both "Real Time Screening" and "Facial Recognition". Their system includes 7 million criminal photos and states they use "the system primarily to solve crimes using probes generate dfrom street cameras, Facebook, and other sources."<ref name="wire_Some"/><ref name="auw" /><ref name="fr808358"/><ref name="nyt" />
=== Others ===
In Maryland, DataWorks created a statewide system integrating DMV photos (7 million) and criminal photos (2 million) from [[Maryland Department of Public Safety]] and Correctional Services. The FBI's facial recognition system is also integrated. They also supplied three [[Automatic number-plate recognition|mobile license plate recognition]] systems purchased in 2007 for $60k.<ref name="aclu_md">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="fr808358"/><ref name="stuff"/><ref name="nyt" />
In Pennsylvania, on their JNET (Justice Network) system, DataWorks created the JNET Facial Recognition System (JFRS), which is integrated with PENN DOT's DMV photos (from [[MorphoTrust]]) and the Commonwealth Photo Imaging System (CPIN). This is used by the [[Pennsylvania State Police]], [[Pennsylvania Department of Corrections]], [[Pennsylvania Probation and Parole]], and [[Philadelphia Police Department]].<ref name="fr808358"/> During the George Floyd Protests in June 2020, [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]] police commissioner Thomas Carter asked for images showing vandalism and assault on a police officer, stating "Hopefully, we can pick her image up. If we can, we can do facial recognition".<ref name="onez_Faci">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
[[South Carolina Law Enforcement Division]] (SLED) and [[South Carolina DMV]] uses the FACE Plus system, which includes the state's 8.5 million DMV images. [[Charleston County, South Carolina]] Sheriff is also a customer.<ref name="auw" /><ref name="fr808358"/><ref name="muck_sccc">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
The [[New York Police Department]] uses facial recognition from DataWorks Plus.<ref name="nyti_SheW">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
A national system upgrade in [[New Zealand]] is scheduled to be completed by late 2020 for an estimated $5 million NZD. It would include facial recognition from security camera still images, criminal images, firearms license holders, missing persons, and registered sex offenders. DataWorks's Pastorini said "we don't make accuracy statements" when asked about the reliability of the system. NZ's [[Privacy Commissioner (New Zealand)|Privacy Commissioner]] wasn't even aware of the installation. When asked, Pastorini said he wasn't familiar with [[Right to privacy in New Zealand#Privacy Act 1993|New Zealand's Privacy Act]].<ref name="stuff">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="stuf_Poli1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="stuf_Poli2">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
DataWorks Plus claims "over 1000 agencies", which includes the [[Virginia State Police]], [[Wake County, North Carolina|Wake County]] CCBI and [[Raleigh Police Department]], [[Miami Dade Police Department]], [[Collier County Sheriff]] ([[Naples, Florida]]), [[Columbus Police Department]] (Ohio), [[Irving Police Department]] (Texas), and the New Jersey/New York [[High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area]].<ref name="fr808358"/><ref name="interconn"/><ref name="onez_Faci"/>
== References==
== External links==
*
[[Category:2000 establishments in South Carolina]]
[[Category:American companies established in 2000]]
[[Category:Companies based in South Carolina]]
[[Category:Detectives and criminal investigators]]
[[Category:Facial recognition software]]
[[Category:Mass surveillance]]
== Products ==
The company focuses on [[biometrics]] storage and matching, including fingerprints, palm prints, irises, tattoos, and mugshots.<ref name="nyt" />
Face Watch can continuously detect on live video streams, recognizing faces on individual video frames and cataloging the timestamps.<ref name="fr808358"/>
FACE Plus is their photo (still image) facial recognition program. It includes advanced filtering and can reconstruct a 3D model from photos to correct their angle, called pose correction.<ref name="fr808358"/>
DataWorks uses facial recognition algorithms from [[NEC]],<ref name="nyt"/> Rank One Computing (of Colorado, CEO Brendan Klare),<ref name="nyt"/>, and [[Cognitec]].<ref name="interconn" /> Both the NEC and Rank One algorithms showed algorithmic bias in a NIST study.<ref name="nist8280">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="nyt"/> DataWorks' EVP and GM, Todd Pastorini told New York Times that they don't formally measure the accuracy or bias, but "We've become a pseudo-expert in the technology".<ref name="nyt"/><ref name="interconn" />
== Installations==
=== California===
DataWorks created the "California Facial Recognition Interconnect". This statewide face recognition network is used by [[Los Angeles County Sheriff]] (9 million images), [[San Diego County Sheriff]] (2.5 million images), [[Sacramento County Sheriff]] (1.75 million images), [[San Bernardino County Sheriff]]/[[Riverside County Sheriff]] (2.7 million images), [[Santa Barbara County Sheriff]] (since 2012, 1 million images), [[San Francisco Police Department]] (1 million images; see below), and unidentified agencies in [[San Mateo County]] and [[San Joaquin County]].<ref name="interconn">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
The [[Los Angeles County Sheriff]], using Cognitec's algorithm, acquired in 2008 on a 7-year contract, and signed a 7-year, $3.5m contract extension in 2015. The contract renewal was approved unanimously by the [[Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors]]. In addition to the Interconnect, Los Angeles County has access to fingerprinting, facial recognition, tattoo matching (2 million images or templates), composite drawing, and access to DMV images in the unrelated [[Cal-Photo]].<ref name="auw"/><ref name="reve_LosA">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="docu_LAFa">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="bossop">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="ciossa">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="muck_Expl">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
; Other California uses
[[San Diego County Sheriff]]'s use of DataWorks is well established back to at least 2007. A report discussed DataWorks installing a trial of Face Plus for facial recognition that year. The facial recognition system was in place and being upgraded to use Cognitec's algorithm in 2010.<ref name="eff_tacids">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="effgms">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
The [[San Francisco Police]]'s most recent 3-year contract was signed in 2017 for $150k per year. It included what was labeled as "FR Software" and a "Face Plus" server. It also included the "Mugshot database".<ref name="muck_SFPD1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="muck_SFPD2">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> San Francisco banned government usage of facial recognition beginning in May 2019. DataWorks's Pastorini said their tools don't use [[neural nets]] or [[machine learning]] like Microsoft's Face API or [[Amazon Rekognition]], stating "the Amazon searches are not the best forensic searches". He said banning is unfortunate because there wasn't evidence of misuse in San Francisco. The New York Times noted NEC's technology does use neural nets.<ref name="onez_TheB">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="interconn"/>
[[San Jose Police Department]] uses the DataWorks fingerprint biometric system from at least 2011.<ref name="muck_Expl"/>
=== Florida ===
DataWorks says they have sold over 5000 fingerprint devices in the state of Florida.<ref name="fr808358"/>
=== Michigan ===
DataWorks has worked with the Michigan DMV (Department of Public Safety) and the [[Michigan State Police]] since 2001. Their database contains at least 8 million criminal images and 32 million DMV photos. Additionally, DataWorks and Michigan State Police integrated with [[FBI]]'s [[Next Generation Identification]] facial recognition pilot. Later they added the Maryland Department of Public Safety's system with the FBI system. This system includes 25 agencies and over 1000 users.<ref name="fr808358"/><ref name="auw">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="nyt"/>
The City of Detroit and Detroit Police Department, with access to at least 500k mugshots. In 2017 DataWorks signed a 3-year $1m contract for "FACE Watch Plus real-time video surveillance". It consumes feeds from Project Green Light, which is a network of over 500 cameras on public and private property. It includes cameras on stoplights as well as gas stations, pharmacies, health clinics, churches, apartments, hotels, and (beginning in 2018) schools. The 2017 DataWorks contract references being used for 100 video feeds. Additionally, the Crime Intelligence Unit is licensed to use the Michigan's Statewide Network of Agency Photos (SNAP) with DataWorks, adding access to DMV photos. DataWorks integrated with [[Motorola]]'s [[Command Central Aware Console]].<ref name="auw" /><ref name="wire_Some">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="detr_Crit">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="scri_Data">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="nyti_AsCa">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="free_Expe">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="fr808358">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="nyt" />
=== Chicago ===
The [[Chicago Police Department]] and [[Chicago Transit Authority]] are using "FACE Watch Plus" (realtime recognition) on Chicago's security camera network, which includes approximately 20,000 video cameras. This is integrated with [[Genetec]]'s Omnicast. DataWorks noted they provide both "Real Time Screening" and "Facial Recognition". Their system includes 7 million criminal photos and states they use "the system primarily to solve crimes using probes generate dfrom street cameras, Facebook, and other sources."<ref name="wire_Some"/><ref name="auw" /><ref name="fr808358"/><ref name="nyt" />
=== Others ===
In Maryland, DataWorks created a statewide system integrating DMV photos (7 million) and criminal photos (2 million) from [[Maryland Department of Public Safety]] and Correctional Services. The FBI's facial recognition system is also integrated. They also supplied three [[Automatic number-plate recognition|mobile license plate recognition]] systems purchased in 2007 for $60k.<ref name="aclu_md">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="fr808358"/><ref name="stuff"/><ref name="nyt" />
In Pennsylvania, on their JNET (Justice Network) system, DataWorks created the JNET Facial Recognition System (JFRS), which is integrated with PENN DOT's DMV photos (from [[MorphoTrust]]) and the Commonwealth Photo Imaging System (CPIN). This is used by the [[Pennsylvania State Police]], [[Pennsylvania Department of Corrections]], [[Pennsylvania Probation and Parole]], and [[Philadelphia Police Department]].<ref name="fr808358"/> During the George Floyd Protests in June 2020, [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]] police commissioner Thomas Carter asked for images showing vandalism and assault on a police officer, stating "Hopefully, we can pick her image up. If we can, we can do facial recognition".<ref name="onez_Faci">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
[[South Carolina Law Enforcement Division]] (SLED) and [[South Carolina DMV]] uses the FACE Plus system, which includes the state's 8.5 million DMV images. [[Charleston County, South Carolina]] Sheriff is also a customer.<ref name="auw" /><ref name="fr808358"/><ref name="muck_sccc">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
The [[New York Police Department]] uses facial recognition from DataWorks Plus.<ref name="nyti_SheW">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
A national system upgrade in [[New Zealand]] is scheduled to be completed by late 2020 for an estimated $5 million NZD. It would include facial recognition from security camera still images, criminal images, firearms license holders, missing persons, and registered sex offenders. DataWorks's Pastorini said "we don't make accuracy statements" when asked about the reliability of the system. NZ's [[Privacy Commissioner (New Zealand)|Privacy Commissioner]] wasn't even aware of the installation. When asked, Pastorini said he wasn't familiar with [[Right to privacy in New Zealand#Privacy Act 1993|New Zealand's Privacy Act]].<ref name="stuff">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="stuf_Poli1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name="stuf_Poli2">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
DataWorks Plus claims "over 1000 agencies", which includes the [[Virginia State Police]], [[Wake County, North Carolina|Wake County]] CCBI and [[Raleigh Police Department]], [[Miami Dade Police Department]], [[Collier County Sheriff]] ([[Naples, Florida]]), [[Columbus Police Department]] (Ohio), [[Irving Police Department]] (Texas), and the New Jersey/New York [[High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area]].<ref name="fr808358"/><ref name="interconn"/><ref name="onez_Faci"/>
== References==
== External links==
*
[[Category:2000 establishments in South Carolina]]
[[Category:American companies established in 2000]]
[[Category:Companies based in South Carolina]]
[[Category:Detectives and criminal investigators]]
[[Category:Facial recognition software]]
[[Category:Mass surveillance]]
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