GentleDjinn: /* Characteristics of the 2013 hut */
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[[File:Mont Blanc - Goûter route.jpg|thumb|Map of the Goûter route, showing the location of the Goûter Refuge.]]
The '''Goûter Refuge''', also known as Goûter Hut and the ''Refuge de Aiguille du Goûter'', is a mountain cabin in the [[France|French]] [[department]] of [[Haute-Savoie]].<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref> It is located in the [[Mont Blanc massif]], at an altitude of 3835 meters above sea level, on the mountain ''Aiguille du Goûter'', making it one of the highest protected shelters in Western Europe. It is accessible in about five hours on foot from the station of the [[Nid d'Aigle]] in [[Saint-Gervais-les-Bains]] and allows mountaineers to reach the summit of Mont Blanc, in five additional hours by what in the 20th century became known as the '''modern normal route on the French side''', distinguishing from the former '''old normal route''' over the [[Grands Mulets]].
The presence of a shelter at this location dates back to 1854, but the first refuge itself was built four or five years later. It was rebuilt in 1936 and expanded in 1960. At the same time, a second building was built next door in 1906 and rebuilt in 1990 as an annex. Finally, a new shelter of 120 places is conceived from 2010 and opens three years later. It benefits from many architectural and environmental innovations. It's somewhat [[futurism|futuristic]] shape is ovoid (threedimensional oval), is distinguished by its stainless steel coating and has four levels. A reservation is required to stay at night.
==Location==
The refuge is located in the south-east of France, in the [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]] region and the department of Haute-Savoie. It is located on the territory of the municipality of Saint-Gervais-les-Bains and dominates the Bionnassay glacier, on the eastern slope of Val Montjoie in the Mont Blanc massif. It stands at an altitude of 3,835 meters on the snowy ridge of the Aiguille du Goûter (3,863 m), which separates the Val Montjoie from the main basin of the Arve Valley, where the towns of [[Les Houches]] and the alpinism and ski resort of [[Chamonix-Mont-Blanc]]. [[Annecy]] is 60 kilometers to the west and [[Lyon]] to nearly 180 kilometers. The border with Italy runs about 1.7 kilometers to the south, around the ''Dôme du Goûter'' (4,304 m), while the summit of Mont Blanc (4,809 m) is less than 4 kilometers to the south-east .
The foundations of the refuge rest on a base of [[gneiss]], present between three and four meters deep. Around the refuge, the winds can blow at 300 kilometers per hour and the temperature rarely exceeds 0°C.
==History==
As early as 1784, the hunters Jean-Marie Coutet and François Guidet suggested this location to build some kind of cabin to facilitate climbers, but it was not until 1854 that Dr. Charles Loiseau had a stone shed built for him to shelter him on his way to the summit.
In 1858-1859 the first refuge is built on this spot. The transport of materials for the construction of this cabin located at 3817 meters above sea level requires about eighty ascents of carriers. Although equipped with a woodstove, this small shelter with a capacity of four or five people remains uncomfortable, the boards of the walls insufficiently joined allowing the cold and snow to enter: a thick layer of ice generally covers the floor and [[icicles]] hang from the ceiling. The cabin is restored in 1882 and continues until 1936.
The first ascent of Mont Blanc via the ''Aiguille du Goûter'' and the snowy slopes of the ''Bosses Ridge'', which in the 20th century became the most popular itinerary to the summit, was successfully completed on 18 July 1861 by Leslie Stephen and Francis Fox Tuckett together with the guides Melchior Anderegg, Johann Joseph Bennen and Peter Perren.
The increasing use of the hut led to the construction, next to it, on the plans of architect Jaillet, of a new refuge. Amoudruz from Chamonix completed the project in September 1906. This new building remained very small, with 4.20 meters by 3.20 meters on the ground and a height of 1.80 meters, and could only accommodate seven people but, better built, it was less uncomfortable.
In 1936, at the site of the 1858 hut, Georges Orset built a private shelter with a capacity of thirty places. This was bought in 1942 by the [[French Alpine Club]] (CAF) which refurbishes and improves it. However it turns out to be too small for the yearly increasing number of aspiring alpinists.
As part of a five-year plan launched in 1957 for the reconstruction of the French refuges of the Mont-Blanc massif, it was decided to enlarge the refuge of 1936 to increase its capacity to seventy-six places. This work was financed by the local municipalities, the department of Haute-Savoie, the French government and the CAF. This shelter was designed by architect Lederlin and prefabricated. Completed in 1960, the refuge was inaugurated in September 1962 by the famous French alpinist [[Maurice Herzog]], National High Commissioner for Youth and Sports at the time.
In 1989, the refuge of 1906 was dismounted. In its place, in 1990, an annex of forty places was built to increase the capacity. However, because of the overcrowding of the shelter and the attractiveness of Mont Blanc, safety and hygiene standards became once again outdated very soon.
Thus, in 2004, the [[French Federation of Alpine and Mountain Clubs]] (FFCAM, formerly CAF) proposed a new type of structure. Two years later, the architects Christophe de Laage, Paul Parizet and Michelle Avanzini sketched a first series of plans; implementation remained, however, at a standstill for budgetary and technical reasons. New designers led by the Swiss Thomas Büchi, for the frame, and Hervé Dessimoz, for architecture and engineering, reinforced the project to find solutions that would meet the constraints of the site. The construction of the new refuge begins on July 5, 2010. The opening took place on June 28, 2013, with a capacity of 120 places voluntarily reduced, instead of the 140 initially planned, to control the frequentation of the normal way of Mont Blanc and for financial reasons. It was inaugurated on September 6, 2014 by the Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy [[Ségolène Royal]]. The annex was finally preserved, with a capacity reduced to twenty places; it is converted into a winter and emergency fire shelter.
==Characteristics of the ''2013'' hut==
The Goûter refuge is sometimes described as the highest refuge in Western Europe. However, it is situated at a lower altitude than the [[Reine Marguerite hut]] of the Italian Alpine Club, at 4,554 m on [[Gnifetti Point]] at [[Monte Rosa]]. In France, it is also lower than the [[Vallot refuge]], an emergency shelter located at an altitude of 4,362 m, between the ''Dôme du Goûter'' and the ''Grande Bosses''. Some other unguarded Alpine refuges are also located higher than the Goûter. In addition, on [[Elbrus]], the highest point of Europe on the Russian side of the [[Caucasus]], is the [[Diesel refuge]], situated at an altitude of 4,157 meters.
The new Goûter refuge is built on four levels, with a floor area of 720 sqm and a capacity of 120 places. The building boasts advanced technology in terms of architecture and energy autonomy, making it a project of high environmental quality. Its construction cost 7.5 million euros, funded 51% by the French Federation of Alpine and Mountain Clubs (FFCAM) and 49% by public authorities and patrons. Its form is ovoid, optimal against the wind and the thrust exerted by the snow, with a height of thirteen meters.
The building has a stainless steel exterior with 55 sealed windows in triple glazed [[argon]] and [[krypton]] gas blades for thermal insulation. In order to free up sufficient space at the rear of the building to place a snow melter with eight 3000-liter tanks, one-third of its foundations are suspended overhanging above 700 meters of void and anchored by 69 metal piles.
It is supplemented by 50 sqm of solar thermal collectors located in the slope below the shelter, whose energy can be stored in the form of hot [[brine]] in a 2000 liter buffer tank for the production of domestic hot water. Wastewater is filtered and sterilized. Electricity is produced by 95 sqm of photovoltaic solar collectors placed on the roof and on the façade.
==References==
Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
[[File:Mont Blanc - Goûter route.jpg|thumb|Map of the Goûter route, showing the location of the Goûter Refuge.]]
The '''Goûter Refuge''', also known as Goûter Hut and the ''Refuge de Aiguille du Goûter'', is a mountain cabin in the [[France|French]] [[department]] of [[Haute-Savoie]].<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref> It is located in the [[Mont Blanc massif]], at an altitude of 3835 meters above sea level, on the mountain ''Aiguille du Goûter'', making it one of the highest protected shelters in Western Europe. It is accessible in about five hours on foot from the station of the [[Nid d'Aigle]] in [[Saint-Gervais-les-Bains]] and allows mountaineers to reach the summit of Mont Blanc, in five additional hours by what in the 20th century became known as the '''modern normal route on the French side''', distinguishing from the former '''old normal route''' over the [[Grands Mulets]].
The presence of a shelter at this location dates back to 1854, but the first refuge itself was built four or five years later. It was rebuilt in 1936 and expanded in 1960. At the same time, a second building was built next door in 1906 and rebuilt in 1990 as an annex. Finally, a new shelter of 120 places is conceived from 2010 and opens three years later. It benefits from many architectural and environmental innovations. It's somewhat [[futurism|futuristic]] shape is ovoid (threedimensional oval), is distinguished by its stainless steel coating and has four levels. A reservation is required to stay at night.
==Location==
The refuge is located in the south-east of France, in the [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]] region and the department of Haute-Savoie. It is located on the territory of the municipality of Saint-Gervais-les-Bains and dominates the Bionnassay glacier, on the eastern slope of Val Montjoie in the Mont Blanc massif. It stands at an altitude of 3,835 meters on the snowy ridge of the Aiguille du Goûter (3,863 m), which separates the Val Montjoie from the main basin of the Arve Valley, where the towns of [[Les Houches]] and the alpinism and ski resort of [[Chamonix-Mont-Blanc]]. [[Annecy]] is 60 kilometers to the west and [[Lyon]] to nearly 180 kilometers. The border with Italy runs about 1.7 kilometers to the south, around the ''Dôme du Goûter'' (4,304 m), while the summit of Mont Blanc (4,809 m) is less than 4 kilometers to the south-east .
The foundations of the refuge rest on a base of [[gneiss]], present between three and four meters deep. Around the refuge, the winds can blow at 300 kilometers per hour and the temperature rarely exceeds 0°C.
==History==
As early as 1784, the hunters Jean-Marie Coutet and François Guidet suggested this location to build some kind of cabin to facilitate climbers, but it was not until 1854 that Dr. Charles Loiseau had a stone shed built for him to shelter him on his way to the summit.
In 1858-1859 the first refuge is built on this spot. The transport of materials for the construction of this cabin located at 3817 meters above sea level requires about eighty ascents of carriers. Although equipped with a woodstove, this small shelter with a capacity of four or five people remains uncomfortable, the boards of the walls insufficiently joined allowing the cold and snow to enter: a thick layer of ice generally covers the floor and [[icicles]] hang from the ceiling. The cabin is restored in 1882 and continues until 1936.
The first ascent of Mont Blanc via the ''Aiguille du Goûter'' and the snowy slopes of the ''Bosses Ridge'', which in the 20th century became the most popular itinerary to the summit, was successfully completed on 18 July 1861 by Leslie Stephen and Francis Fox Tuckett together with the guides Melchior Anderegg, Johann Joseph Bennen and Peter Perren.
The increasing use of the hut led to the construction, next to it, on the plans of architect Jaillet, of a new refuge. Amoudruz from Chamonix completed the project in September 1906. This new building remained very small, with 4.20 meters by 3.20 meters on the ground and a height of 1.80 meters, and could only accommodate seven people but, better built, it was less uncomfortable.
In 1936, at the site of the 1858 hut, Georges Orset built a private shelter with a capacity of thirty places. This was bought in 1942 by the [[French Alpine Club]] (CAF) which refurbishes and improves it. However it turns out to be too small for the yearly increasing number of aspiring alpinists.
As part of a five-year plan launched in 1957 for the reconstruction of the French refuges of the Mont-Blanc massif, it was decided to enlarge the refuge of 1936 to increase its capacity to seventy-six places. This work was financed by the local municipalities, the department of Haute-Savoie, the French government and the CAF. This shelter was designed by architect Lederlin and prefabricated. Completed in 1960, the refuge was inaugurated in September 1962 by the famous French alpinist [[Maurice Herzog]], National High Commissioner for Youth and Sports at the time.
In 1989, the refuge of 1906 was dismounted. In its place, in 1990, an annex of forty places was built to increase the capacity. However, because of the overcrowding of the shelter and the attractiveness of Mont Blanc, safety and hygiene standards became once again outdated very soon.
Thus, in 2004, the [[French Federation of Alpine and Mountain Clubs]] (FFCAM, formerly CAF) proposed a new type of structure. Two years later, the architects Christophe de Laage, Paul Parizet and Michelle Avanzini sketched a first series of plans; implementation remained, however, at a standstill for budgetary and technical reasons. New designers led by the Swiss Thomas Büchi, for the frame, and Hervé Dessimoz, for architecture and engineering, reinforced the project to find solutions that would meet the constraints of the site. The construction of the new refuge begins on July 5, 2010. The opening took place on June 28, 2013, with a capacity of 120 places voluntarily reduced, instead of the 140 initially planned, to control the frequentation of the normal way of Mont Blanc and for financial reasons. It was inaugurated on September 6, 2014 by the Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy [[Ségolène Royal]]. The annex was finally preserved, with a capacity reduced to twenty places; it is converted into a winter and emergency fire shelter.
==Characteristics of the ''2013'' hut==
The Goûter refuge is sometimes described as the highest refuge in Western Europe. However, it is situated at a lower altitude than the [[Reine Marguerite hut]] of the Italian Alpine Club, at 4,554 m on [[Gnifetti Point]] at [[Monte Rosa]]. In France, it is also lower than the [[Vallot refuge]], an emergency shelter located at an altitude of 4,362 m, between the ''Dôme du Goûter'' and the ''Grande Bosses''. Some other unguarded Alpine refuges are also located higher than the Goûter. In addition, on [[Elbrus]], the highest point of Europe on the Russian side of the [[Caucasus]], is the [[Diesel refuge]], situated at an altitude of 4,157 meters.
The new Goûter refuge is built on four levels, with a floor area of 720 sqm and a capacity of 120 places. The building boasts advanced technology in terms of architecture and energy autonomy, making it a project of high environmental quality. Its construction cost 7.5 million euros, funded 51% by the French Federation of Alpine and Mountain Clubs (FFCAM) and 49% by public authorities and patrons. Its form is ovoid, optimal against the wind and the thrust exerted by the snow, with a height of thirteen meters.
The building has a stainless steel exterior with 55 sealed windows in triple glazed [[argon]] and [[krypton]] gas blades for thermal insulation. In order to free up sufficient space at the rear of the building to place a snow melter with eight 3000-liter tanks, one-third of its foundations are suspended overhanging above 700 meters of void and anchored by 69 metal piles.
It is supplemented by 50 sqm of solar thermal collectors located in the slope below the shelter, whose energy can be stored in the form of hot [[brine]] in a 2000 liter buffer tank for the production of domestic hot water. Wastewater is filtered and sterilized. Electricity is produced by 95 sqm of photovoltaic solar collectors placed on the roof and on the façade.
==References==
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from Wikipedia - New pages [en] http://bit.ly/2SiIiaV
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