Quetzal1964: /* Selected Bibliography */ typo
'''John Langdon Brooks''' (1920-2000) was an [[United States of America|American]] [[evolutionary biologist]], [[ecologist]] and [[limnologist]].
Brooks was born in 1920, probably in [[Hamden, Connecticut]], his father was John Alexander Brooks and his mother was Grace Evelyn Langdon, he had a sister Helen and a brother Richard.<ref name = Helen>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Brooks attended [[Yale University]] where he studied under the guidance of [[G. Evelyn Hutchinson]].<ref name = Egerton></ref> He remained at Yale until 1969 where he worked on the ecology and evolution of freshwater biota. During this period he co-authored a article with [[Stanley Dodson]] entitled ''Predation, Body Size and Composition of Plankton'' which was published in ''[[Science Magazine|Science]]'' in October 1965. This article discussed the effect of an introduced predator, the [[alewife]], on the [[planktonic]] fauna of lakes in [[New England]] and has been widely cited.<ref name = Fowler></ref>
Brooks joined the [[National Science Foundation]] in 1969 and in 1981 he became Director of the Division of Environmental Biology with responsibility for the programs of the Foundation on [[Ecology]], Population Biology and Physiological Ecology, Ecosystem Studies, Systematic Biology, and Biological Research Resources.<ref name = Fowler/> Brooks was also interested in the history of the understanding of [[evolution]] and in 1981-82 he took a sabbatical from the NSF to write ''Just Before the Origin: Alfred Russel Wallace's Theory of Evolution'' which was published in 1984. In this book Brooks sets out [[Alfred Russell Wallace]]'s development of his concepts on evolution using Wallace's essays written from 1848 to 1858 as well as inferences in both published and unpublished papers written by Wallace. A large part of the information used by Brooks in this book had not been accessible to authors before this. The closing chapters of the book recount the events leading up to 1 July 1858 when the paper co-authored by Wallace and [[Charles Darwin]] was read to the [[Linnean Society]] in London.<ref name = Fowler/>. One aspect of this book which generated some controversy was Brooks' findings that Darwin may have plagiarized some of Wallace's work for ''[[On the Origin of Species]]'', particularly the "principle of divergence", and this has not found support among other scholars in this field.<ref name = McCalman></ref> Brooks retired from the NSF in June 1989.<ref name = Fowler/> Brooks played an important in the development of the NF's Long Term Ecological Research Program which studies the changes in [[ecosystem]]s in a number of nature reserves over extended periods.<ref name = Magnuson></ref>
==Selected Bibliography==
The following is a selected bibliography of works authored or co-authored by Brooks:<ref name = WorldCat></ref>
* 1946 ''Cyclomorphosis in ''Daphnia'': I. An Analysis of ''D. retrocurva'' and ''D. galeata'' '' Ecological Monographs 16 (4) 409-447
* 1950 ''Speciation in Ancient Lakes,'' The Quarterly Review of Biology 25 (1) 30-60
* 1950 ''Review: Recent Advances in Limnology'' Ecology Vol. 31 (4) 659-660
* 1957 ''The Systematics of North American Daphnia'' Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, Yale University
* 1963 ''Predation, Body Size and Composition of Plankton'' with Stanley Dodson Science 150:28-35
* 1972 ''Extinction and the origin of organic diversity'' New Haven : Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science
* 1984 ''Just Before the Origin: Alfred Russel Wallace's Theory of Evolution'' Columbia University Press, New York, isbn 0231056761
==Legacy==
A [[haplochromine]] [[cichlid]] [[endemism|endemic]] to [[Lake Malawi]] was named ''[[Otopharynx brooksi]]'' in his honor in 1989 by M.K. Oliver.<ref name = ETYFish>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
==References==
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Yale University]]
[[Category:Limnologists]]
[[Category:20th-century American scientists]]
Brooks was born in 1920, probably in [[Hamden, Connecticut]], his father was John Alexander Brooks and his mother was Grace Evelyn Langdon, he had a sister Helen and a brother Richard.<ref name = Helen>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Brooks attended [[Yale University]] where he studied under the guidance of [[G. Evelyn Hutchinson]].<ref name = Egerton></ref> He remained at Yale until 1969 where he worked on the ecology and evolution of freshwater biota. During this period he co-authored a article with [[Stanley Dodson]] entitled ''Predation, Body Size and Composition of Plankton'' which was published in ''[[Science Magazine|Science]]'' in October 1965. This article discussed the effect of an introduced predator, the [[alewife]], on the [[planktonic]] fauna of lakes in [[New England]] and has been widely cited.<ref name = Fowler></ref>
Brooks joined the [[National Science Foundation]] in 1969 and in 1981 he became Director of the Division of Environmental Biology with responsibility for the programs of the Foundation on [[Ecology]], Population Biology and Physiological Ecology, Ecosystem Studies, Systematic Biology, and Biological Research Resources.<ref name = Fowler/> Brooks was also interested in the history of the understanding of [[evolution]] and in 1981-82 he took a sabbatical from the NSF to write ''Just Before the Origin: Alfred Russel Wallace's Theory of Evolution'' which was published in 1984. In this book Brooks sets out [[Alfred Russell Wallace]]'s development of his concepts on evolution using Wallace's essays written from 1848 to 1858 as well as inferences in both published and unpublished papers written by Wallace. A large part of the information used by Brooks in this book had not been accessible to authors before this. The closing chapters of the book recount the events leading up to 1 July 1858 when the paper co-authored by Wallace and [[Charles Darwin]] was read to the [[Linnean Society]] in London.<ref name = Fowler/>. One aspect of this book which generated some controversy was Brooks' findings that Darwin may have plagiarized some of Wallace's work for ''[[On the Origin of Species]]'', particularly the "principle of divergence", and this has not found support among other scholars in this field.<ref name = McCalman></ref> Brooks retired from the NSF in June 1989.<ref name = Fowler/> Brooks played an important in the development of the NF's Long Term Ecological Research Program which studies the changes in [[ecosystem]]s in a number of nature reserves over extended periods.<ref name = Magnuson></ref>
==Selected Bibliography==
The following is a selected bibliography of works authored or co-authored by Brooks:<ref name = WorldCat></ref>
* 1946 ''Cyclomorphosis in ''Daphnia'': I. An Analysis of ''D. retrocurva'' and ''D. galeata'' '' Ecological Monographs 16 (4) 409-447
* 1950 ''Speciation in Ancient Lakes,'' The Quarterly Review of Biology 25 (1) 30-60
* 1950 ''Review: Recent Advances in Limnology'' Ecology Vol. 31 (4) 659-660
* 1957 ''The Systematics of North American Daphnia'' Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, Yale University
* 1963 ''Predation, Body Size and Composition of Plankton'' with Stanley Dodson Science 150:28-35
* 1972 ''Extinction and the origin of organic diversity'' New Haven : Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science
* 1984 ''Just Before the Origin: Alfred Russel Wallace's Theory of Evolution'' Columbia University Press, New York, isbn 0231056761
==Legacy==
A [[haplochromine]] [[cichlid]] [[endemism|endemic]] to [[Lake Malawi]] was named ''[[Otopharynx brooksi]]'' in his honor in 1989 by M.K. Oliver.<ref name = ETYFish>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
==References==
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Yale University]]
[[Category:Limnologists]]
[[Category:20th-century American scientists]]
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