Tuesday, December 4, 2018

Art Nouveau in Antwerp

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Architecture in the style of [[Art Nouveau]] appeared in [[Antwerp]], [[Belgium]], between roughly 1895 and the start of the [[World War I|First World War]] in 1914. It was principally practiced by the architects Joseph Bascourt, Jacques De Weerdt, Jules Hofman, Émile Van Averbeke, Émile Thielens, Frans Smet-Verhas as well as August Cols and Alfried Defever. Its principal characteristics in Antwerp buildings include whiplash and irregular curves in moldings, ironwork, and incised decoration; gentle arches; colorful ceramic tiles, [[mosaics]], and [[stained glass]]; gilded asymmetrical ornament; [[sgraffito]]; and keyhole windows and screens.

== The Zurenborg district ==
Unlike the other major Belgian metropolitan areas such as [[Brussels]] or [[Liège]], where Art Nouveau flourished in numerous different parts of the city, Antwerp's Art Nouveau buildings are largely concentrated within a single quarter, [[Zurenborg]], which is a suburban part of the city located about three kilometers from the city center, immediately north of the [[Berchem]] train station. The greater part of the structures are situated in the so-called "Golden Triangle" of Antwerpian Art Nouveau, along the streets called the Transvaalstraat, Waterloostraat and Cogels Osylei. The latter, an arterial boulevard, contains a rich cornucopia of highly-ornamented, monumental Victorian- and Edwardian-era architecture, wherein various styles--neoclassical, eclectic, various Renaissance idioms, and above all Art Nouveau--intermingle harmoniously behind small gardens or gates with successive diversity.

== Principal Art Nouveau Buildings in Antwerp ==
A few major buildings stand out among the Art Nouveau structures in Antwerp, though none have reached the kind of iconic status such as that enjoyed by [[Henry van de Velde]]'s [[Bloemenwerf]] or [[Victor Horta]]'s [[Maison du Peuple]], [[Hôtel Solvay]], or [[Maison Van Eetvelde]], all around Brussels.

=== Zonnebloem (Sunflower) House ===
One of the most beautiful examples of Antwerp's Art Nouveau structures is the Zonnebloem House, sometimes called the Maison le Tournesol (Sunflower House), built in 1900 to designs of Jules Hofman at 50, Cogels Osylei in a strand of Art Nouveau close to the German Jugendstil. The stylized floral ornaments run along the bays that differ at each level. One can see two sunflowers on the main façade and three smaller ones on the first floor above ground just above the entrance arcade.

=== House of the Battle of Waterloo ===
Another remarkable construction in this district is the Huis de Slag van Waterloo (House of the Battle of Waterloo), designed by the architect Frans Smet-Verhas and built in 1905. Here the nearly-symmetrical façade (broken only by a side tower) is articulated by mosaics bearing the names, figures, and standards of the Duke of Wellington and Napoleon I, along with a strange arrangement of bricks on the uppermost floor.


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