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[[File:Racial Hygiene cover 1988.jpeg|thumb|200px|Racial Hygiene (1988)]]
'''''Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis''''' is a [[non-fiction]] book by American historian [[Robert N. Proctor]], published in 1988 by [[Harvard University Press]]. The author explores the German scientific community’s role in forming and implementing the [[Racial policy of Nazi Germany|racial policies]] of Nazi Germany. In his study, Proctor analyzes how [[eugenics]] or “[[racial hygiene]]” was used to justify racial programs and traces the progression of eugenic methods, such as [[Aktion T4|involuntary euthanasia]], within Germany. ''Racial Hygiene'' generally received positive reviews for its analysis of medical practitioners’ complicity in Nazi racial doctrine.
== Summary ==
''Racial Hygiene'' discusses the complicity within the German scientific community in formulating [[Racial policy of Nazi Germany|racial policies]] and the [[Nazi Party]]’s censorship of medical journals, thereby ensuring that “[[racial hygiene]]” became considered “normal science”. According to an article in the ''[[Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences]]'', the book “destroys the argument that the German scientific community was coerced into participating in Nazi programs”.
Proctor traces the history of [[Eugenics|eugenics]] prior to the Nazi Party’s rise to power and analyzes how the Nazis incorporated eugenic ideas into their ideology. He demonstrates how theories of racial science imbibed by the Nazis, and the adoption by scientists in turn of [[Nazi ideology]] led to large-scale forced sterilization, [[Aktion T4|involuntary euthanasia]], and even [[mass murder]]. Proctor examines [[Eugenics in the United States|eugenics in the United States]], highlighting its sterilization of the mentally ill for espousing a significant influence on racial hygiene in Germany.
The book addresses other aspects of science in Nazi Germany, including efforts to increase the birth rate of ethnic Germans, the preoccupation with health behavior, and resistance within the medical community. Proctor concludes from his research how, in general, Nazism “appealed to academics and intellects”, offering them financial benefits and academic legitimacy.
== Reception ==
A review in ''Kirkus Reviews'' noted that the book “revises the idea of Nazis as insane fanatics who perverted science to their devious ends and makes the far more frightening proposition that they were rational, even eminent men, and that Nazi science was deeply rooted in ‘normal’ science”.<ref></ref> Professor William E. Seidelman in ''Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences'' comments ''Racial Hygiene'' is distinct from other works covering the subject because of the book’s “broad overview of racial hygiene within the context of prevailing scientific/political values and beliefs”. Commenting on Proctor’s “provocative research”, Mary Nolan in ''[[The New York Times]]'' praises how the book “forces us to reassess the dynamics of Nazism but also challenges pervasive notions about the political neutrality and objective value of science and the moral innocence of scientists”.<ref></ref>
== References ==
=== Bibliography ===
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*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
'''''Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis''''' is a [[non-fiction]] book by American historian [[Robert N. Proctor]], published in 1988 by [[Harvard University Press]]. The author explores the German scientific community’s role in forming and implementing the [[Racial policy of Nazi Germany|racial policies]] of Nazi Germany. In his study, Proctor analyzes how [[eugenics]] or “[[racial hygiene]]” was used to justify racial programs and traces the progression of eugenic methods, such as [[Aktion T4|involuntary euthanasia]], within Germany. ''Racial Hygiene'' generally received positive reviews for its analysis of medical practitioners’ complicity in Nazi racial doctrine.
== Summary ==
''Racial Hygiene'' discusses the complicity within the German scientific community in formulating [[Racial policy of Nazi Germany|racial policies]] and the [[Nazi Party]]’s censorship of medical journals, thereby ensuring that “[[racial hygiene]]” became considered “normal science”. According to an article in the ''[[Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences]]'', the book “destroys the argument that the German scientific community was coerced into participating in Nazi programs”.
Proctor traces the history of [[Eugenics|eugenics]] prior to the Nazi Party’s rise to power and analyzes how the Nazis incorporated eugenic ideas into their ideology. He demonstrates how theories of racial science imbibed by the Nazis, and the adoption by scientists in turn of [[Nazi ideology]] led to large-scale forced sterilization, [[Aktion T4|involuntary euthanasia]], and even [[mass murder]]. Proctor examines [[Eugenics in the United States|eugenics in the United States]], highlighting its sterilization of the mentally ill for espousing a significant influence on racial hygiene in Germany.
The book addresses other aspects of science in Nazi Germany, including efforts to increase the birth rate of ethnic Germans, the preoccupation with health behavior, and resistance within the medical community. Proctor concludes from his research how, in general, Nazism “appealed to academics and intellects”, offering them financial benefits and academic legitimacy.
== Reception ==
A review in ''Kirkus Reviews'' noted that the book “revises the idea of Nazis as insane fanatics who perverted science to their devious ends and makes the far more frightening proposition that they were rational, even eminent men, and that Nazi science was deeply rooted in ‘normal’ science”.<ref></ref> Professor William E. Seidelman in ''Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences'' comments ''Racial Hygiene'' is distinct from other works covering the subject because of the book’s “broad overview of racial hygiene within the context of prevailing scientific/political values and beliefs”. Commenting on Proctor’s “provocative research”, Mary Nolan in ''[[The New York Times]]'' praises how the book “forces us to reassess the dynamics of Nazism but also challenges pervasive notions about the political neutrality and objective value of science and the moral innocence of scientists”.<ref></ref>
== References ==
=== Bibliography ===
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*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
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