Castellani (goldsmiths)

Spaicol: +Category:Italian potters; +Category:Italian collectors; +Category:People from Rome; +Category:Italian families using HotCat

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'''The Castellani''' were a family of [[goldsmiths]], [[collectors]], [[Antique|antique dealers]] and [[potters]], who created a business "empire" active in [[Rome]] during the eighteenth centuries and nineteeth centuries.

== History ==
Fortunato Pio Castellani (1794 - 1865) is regarded as the forefather of the family. Fortunato in 1814 opened his own workshop in Rome. The progenitor specialized in the creation of jewels imitating the ones that then came to light from the [[necropolis]] of [[Etruria]], the excavations of [[Pompeii]] and [[Herculaneum]] or that could be observed in the [[Campana collection]]. Initiating a partnership with [[Duke Michelangelo Caetani]], a lover of fine arts and a designer of jewels himself, allowed Fortunato Castellani to quickly work for the most illustrious aristocratic families, initially Roman and at a later date even [[European Union|European]]. Fortunato also [[imported]] luxurious goldsmith works from the rest of Europe to be resold in Rome.<ref>Ignazio Caruso, Collezione Castellani. Le oreficerie. Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia, Roma 1988.</ref>

Fortunato had three sons, his sons Augusto and Alessandro worked with their father and continued their activities as goldsmith and antiquarian; his third son Guglielmo, instead, devoted himself to the art of ceramics. Fortunato Pio retired in 1850, the Castellani of the second generation, however, devoted themselves only to the trade of jewels of their own production or to the sale of archaeological finds. The creative part was entrusted to Alessandro Castellani and Michelangelo Caetani, while Augusto was mainly interested in the financial aspects of the company. In 1859 the Castellani devoted themselves for five months to the restoration and cataloguing of the Campana Collection; they thus had the opportunity to refine their observations on the technique of [[granulation]] and [[filigree]] and to finally achieve an acceptable reproduction of them.<ref>Pompeo Fabri, Il marchese Campana. Fallito tentativo di costituzione di una Soc. An. per Azioni onde impedire l'esodo all'estero delle sue collezioni, in Strenna dei Romanisti, vol. 15, Roma, Staderini Editore, 1954, pp. 181-185.</ref>

During the second half of the 19th century, the Castellani goldsmiths had a leading role in the European market. Alessandro, who had fled to [[France]] for political reasons in 1860, opened with great success in Paris and [[Naples]] new locations in which antiquities, mainly of [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] origin, were traded. Clients included [[Napoleon III]], the [[Louvre Museum]] and the [[British Museum]] directed by [[Sir Isaac Newton]]. It has been hypothesized that some Etruscan finds traded by the Castellani were [[imitations]].<ref>Marina Bertoletti, Maddalena Cima, Emilia Talamo, Centrale Montemartini. Musei Capitolini, Roma 1997</ref> Recent chemical analyses on some antiquarian finds sold by the Castellani to the [[Berlin Museum|Berlin museum]] have confirmed that Alessandro Castellani has sometimes also sold false finds.<ref>Elizabeth Simpson, "Una perfetta imitazione del lavoro antico", Gioielleria antica e adattamenti Castellani. In: I Castellani e l'oreficeria archeologica italiana, Op. cit, pp. 177-200</ref>

When Alessandro died (1883), his brother Augusto transformed the shop into a private museum. The trading activity continued, with the nephews Alfredo and Torquato, sons of Augusto and Alessandro respectively; the first was a goldsmith, the second a ceramist; their deaths, which occurred in the thirties of the twentieth century, coincided with the end of the activity.

== Family Members ==
* '''[[Fortunato Pio Castellani]]''' (1794 - 1865) - the progenitor, goldsmith, antiquarian
* '''[[Alessandro Castellani]]''' (1823 – 1883) - son of Fortunato, patriot in favour of [[Mazzini]], goldsmith, antiquarian<ref>Edilberto Formigli, Wolf-Dieter Heilmeyer, «Einige Faelschungen antiken Goldschmucks im 19. Jahrhundert», Archaeologischer Anzeiger 1993, pp. 299-332</ref>
* '''[[Augusto Castellani]]''' (1829 – 1914) - son of Fortunato, goldsmith, antiquarian, collector<ref>L'arte nella industria, Roma: Tip. Elzeviriana, 1878</ref>
* '''[[Guglielmo Castellani]]''' (1836 – 1896) - son of Fortunato, ceramist<ref>Luigi Mosca, Napoli e l'arte ceramica dal XIII al XX secolo: la riforma dei musei artistici-industriali, Napoli: R. Picciardi, 1908, p. 116</ref>
* '''[[Torquato Castellani]]''' (1846 – 1931) - son of Alessandro, ceramist<ref>Torquato Castellani, Le industrie dei silicati, 1925</ref>
* '''[[Olga Castellani]]''' (1879 – 1965) - daughter of Torquato, ceramist
* '''[[Pio Fabri]]''' (1847 – 1927) - son-in-law of Augustus, ceramist<ref>De Mauri, L'amatore di maioliche e porcellane. p. 198</ref>
* '''[[Alfredo Castellani]]''' (1856&nbsp;– 1930) - son of Augustus, goldsmith and restorer<ref>Ignazio Caruso, Collezione Castellani. Le oreficerie. Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia, Roma 1988.</ref>

== Castellani Jewellery collection ==
The Castellani have preserved and donated to the Italian State the jewels they created during their centenary activity and remained in their possession. These jewels are now exhibited in the [[Museum of Villa Giulia|National Museum of Villa Giulia]]. Augustus, who had donated a large collection of rare pieces to the [[Capitoline Museums]] and the [[Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture|Artistic-Industrial Museum of Rome]], left his collection of Greek, [[Italiot]] and Etruscan vases, bronzes, [[Ivory|ivories]], jewels and coins to his son Alfredo on his death. . Alfredo, the last male descendant of the Castellani, donated almost all of the collection to the Italian State with only two exceptions: a [[gospel blanket |gospel blanket]] in gold, sapphires, pearls and ivory, and a votive crown in gold, pearls and rubies left, by testamentary will. , at [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] where they are exhibited at the Basilica's Treasure Museum.<ref>Edilberto Formigli, Wolf-Dieter Heilmeyer, «Einige Faelschungen antiken Goldschmucks im 19. Jahrhundert», Archaeologischer Anzeiger 1993, pp. 299-332</ref>


<Gallery perrow="138">
File:Artigiani fenici, patera in argento e oro con giornata di caccia del re, 675-650 ac ca., da tomba bernardini nella necr. della colombella a palestrina.jpg|Phoenician craftsmen, patera in silver and gold with the king's hunting day, c. 675-650 BC, from Bernardini's tomb in the necr. of the colombella in palestrina
File:Cartagine, pendenti a testa di corsari in paste vitree, 510-250 ac ca.jpg|Carthage, corsair-headed pendants in glass paste, 510-250 BC ca.
File:Cartagine, pendenti a teste di corsari in faience, 510-250 ac ca.jpg|Carthage, faience corsair head pendants, c. 510-250 BC
File:Collana in oro con bulle, 310-290 ac ca, dalla tomba degli ori nella necr. della peschiera a todi.jpg|Gold necklace with bulle, 310-290 BC, from the tomb of gold in the necr. of the fishpond in todi
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo arcaico, VI secolo ac., 01.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Archaic period, 6th century BC, 01
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo arcaico, VI secolo ac., anelli 01.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Archaic period, 6th century BC, rings 01
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo arcaico, VI secolo ac., collana con pendagli a bulla e altro.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the archaic period, 6th century BC, necklace with bulla pendants and more
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo arcaico, VI secolo ac., collana con pendagli a pigna.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Archaic period, 6th century BC, necklace with pine cone pendants
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo arcaico, VI secolo ac., collana in oro e faience.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the archaic period, 6th century BC, gold and faience necklace
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo arcaico, VI secolo ac., fibula a disco con gorgoneion.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Archaic period, 6th century BC, disc fibula with gorgoneion
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo arcaico, VI secolo ac., fibula a staffa con protomi leonine 02.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Archaic period, 6th century BC, stirrup fibula with leonine protomes 02
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo arcaico, VI secolo ac., fibule a disco con decoro a granulazione.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Archaic period, 6th century BC, disc fibulae with granulation decoration
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo arcaico, VI secolo ac., orecchini a bauletto 01.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the archaic period, 6th century BC, box earrings 01
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo arcaico, VI secolo ac., orecchini a bauletto 02.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the archaic period, 6th century BC, box earrings 02
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo arcaico, VI secolo ac., orecchini a bauletto 03.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the archaic period, 6th century BC, box earrings 03
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo classico e tardo classico, IV-II secolo ac., collana a maglia.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths of the classical and late classical period, 4th-2nd century BC, knitted necklace
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo classico e tardo classico, IV-II secolo ac., collana a palmette con pendagli ad anfora, da cerveteri (terracotta dorata).jpg|Etruria, classical and late classical goldsmiths, 4th-2nd century BC, palmette necklace with amphora pendants, from cerveteri (gilded terracotta)
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo classico e tardo classico, IV-II secolo ac., collana a piccole sfere.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths of the classical and late classical period, 4th-2nd century BC, necklace with small spheres
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo classico e tardo classico, IV-II secolo ac., collana con chiudura con protomi.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths of the classical and late classical period, 4th-2nd century BC, necklace with clasp with protomes
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo classico e tardo classico, IV-II secolo ac., collana con chiusura con pendenti a ghianda.jpg|Etruria, classical and late classical goldsmiths, 4th-2nd century BC, necklace with acorn pendant clasp
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo classico e tardo classico, IV-II secolo ac., corona a foglie d'edera.jpg|Etruria, classical and late classical goldsmiths, 4th-2nd century BC, ivy-leaf crown
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo classico e tardo classico, IV-II secolo ac., corona a foglie lanceolate.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths of the classical and late classical period, 4th-2nd century BC, crown with lanceolate leaves
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo classico e tardo classico, IV-II secolo ac., decorazioni a rosetta circolare.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths of the classical and late classical period, 4th-2nd century BC, circular rosette decorations
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo classico e tardo classico, IV-II secolo ac., orecchini a cornucopia, da ruvo di puglia.jpg|thumb|Etruria, oreficerie del periodo classico e tardo classico, IV-II secolo ac., orecchini a cornucopia, da ruvo di puglia
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo classico e tardo classico, IV-II secolo ac., orecchini con protomi leonineda cerveteri.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths of the classical and late classical period, 4th-2nd century BC, earrings with leonin protomes from cerveteri
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo classico e tardo classico, IV-II secolo ac., pendagli.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths of the classical and late classical period, 4th-2nd century BC, pendants
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo classico e tardo classico, IV-II secolo ac., pettorale con brattee a stelle e mezzelune ricostruito dai castellani (dintorni di bolsena).jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths of the classical and late classical period, 4th-2nd century BC, breastplate with star and crescent-shaped bracts rebuilt by the castellans (surroundings of Bolsena)
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo ellenistico, 310-100 ac ca., collana con vaghi in paste vitree millefiori 01.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Hellenistic period, c. 310-100 BC, necklace with vague glass pastes millefiori 01
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo ellenistico, 310-100 ac ca., collana con vaghi in paste vitree millefiori 03.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Hellenistic period, c. 310-100 BC, necklace with vague glass pastes millefiori 03
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo ellenistico, 310-100 ac ca., collana con vaghi in paste vitree millefiori 04.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Hellenistic period, c. 310-100 BC, necklace with vague glass pastes millefiori 04
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo ellenistico, 310-100 ac ca., collana con vaghi in paste vitree millefiori 05.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Hellenistic period, c. 310-100 BC, necklace with vague glass pastes millefiori 05
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., collana con anellini in faience e pendagli in oro.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, necklace with faience rings and gold pendants
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., collane di anellini con pendagli.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, necklaces with pendants
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo ellenistico, 310-100 ac ca., corona funebre.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Hellenistic period, c. 310-100 BC, funeral wreath
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo ellenistico, 310-100 ac ca., testina con diadema a corona d'alloro.jpg|Etruria, Hellenistic period goldsmiths, c. 310-100 BC, head with laurel wreath diadem
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo ellenistico, 310-100 ac ca., orecchini a scudo ovale con grappolo pendente a file di globetti 01.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Hellenistic period, c. 310-100 BC, oval shield earrings with a cluster hanging in rows of globes 01
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo ellenistico, 310-100 ac ca., orecchini a scudo ovale con grappolo pendente a file di globetti 02.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Hellenistic period, c. 310-100 BC, oval shield earrings with a cluster hanging in rows of globes 02
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo ellenistico, 310-100 ac ca., orecchini a scudo ovale con grappolo pendente a file di globetti 03.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Hellenistic period, c. 310-100 BC, oval shield earrings with a cluster hanging in rows of globes 03
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo ellenistico, 310-100 ac ca., orecchini con colombi.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the Hellenistic period, c. 310-100 BC, earrings with doves
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., collane in oro e ambra, da cerveteri.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, gold and amber necklaces, from cerveteri
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., fermatrecce a spirale 01.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths of the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, spiral braid holder 01
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., fermatrecce a spirale 02.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths of the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, spiral braid holder 02
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., fermatrecce con decoro a granulazione.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, braid holder with granulation decoration
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., fibule in ambra con lamina d'oro 01.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, amber fibulae with gold leaf 01
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., fibule in ambra con lamina d'oro 02.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, amber fibulae with gold leaf 02
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., fibule in ambra con lamina d'oro 02.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, amber fibulae with gold leaf 03
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., fibule in ambra e metallo.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, amber and metal fibulae
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., fibule in argento ed oro.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, silver and gold fibulae
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., fibule in oro e ambra.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, gold and amber fibulae
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., fibule in oro.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, gold fibulae
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., lamelle.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, lamellae
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., pendagli in ambra con figura femminile, dalla tomba galeassi a palestrina.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, amber pendants with a female figure, from the galeassi tomb in palestrina
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., pendagli in ambra con scimmiette accucciate, dalla tomba galeassi a palestrina.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, amber pendants with crouching monkeys, from the galeassi tomb in palestrina
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., pendaglio a bulla.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, bulla pendant
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., pendaglio.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, pendant
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., pettorale dalla tomba galeassi di palestrina, rialborato dai Castellani 02.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, breastplate from the Galeassi tomb in Palestrina, re-worked by the Castellani 02
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., pettorale dalla tomba galeassi di palestrina, rialborato dai Castellani 022.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, breastplate from the Galeassi tomb in Palestrina, re-worked by the Castellani 022
File:Etruria, oreficerie del periodo orientalizzante, VII secolo ac., pettorale dalla tomba galeassi di palestrina, rialborato dai Castellani 023.jpg|Etruria, goldsmiths from the orientalizing period, 7th century BC, breastplate from the Galeassi tomb in Palestrina, re-worked by the Castellani 023
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., catena con spirali.jpg|Iron Age, Piceni, Mid-Adriatic and Southern Italian jewelery, c. 800-690 BC, chain with spirals
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., collana 06.jpg|Iron Age, Piceni, Mid-Adriatic and Southern Italian jewelery, c. 800-690 BC, necklace 06
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., collana con anellini e grande pendaglio d'ambra.jpg|Iron Age, Piceno, mid-Adriatic and southern Italian jewelery, c. 800-690 BC, necklace with rings and large amber pendant
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., collana con bulle.jpg|Iron Age, Piceni, Mid-Adriatic and Southern Italian jewelery, c. 800-690 BC, necklace with bulle
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., collana con grande vago in ambra.jpg|Iron Age, Piceno, mid-adriatic and southern italian jewelry, c. 800-690 BC, necklace with large amber vague
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., collana con pendenti a punta di freccia, da norcia.jpg|Iron Age, piceni, mid-adriatic and southern italy jewelry, c.800-690 bc, necklace with arrowhead pendants, from norcia
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., collana con spirali.jpg|Iron Age, Piceno, mid-adriatic and southern italy jewelery, c. 800-690 BC, necklace with spirals
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., collana in vaghi di paste vitree 01.jpg|Iron Age, Piceni, Mid-Adriatic and Southern Italian jewelery, c. 800-690 BC, glass paste necklace 01
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., collana in vaghi di paste vitree 02.jpg|Iron Age, Piceni, Mid-Adriatic and Southern Italian jewelery, c. 800-690 BC, glass paste necklace 02
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., fibule a occhiali.jpg|Iron Age, Piceni, Mid-Adriatic and Southern Italian jewelery, c. 800-690 BC, eyeglass fibulae
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., pendaglio 01.jpg|Iron Age, Piceni, Mid-Adriatic and Southern Italian jewelery, c. 800-690 BC, pendant 01
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., pendaglio con cavallucci, bulle e mani.jpg|Iron Age, Piceni, Mid-Adriatic and Southern Italian jewelery, c.800-690 BC, pendant with horses, bulles and hands
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., pendente 01.jpg|Iron Age, Piceni, Mid-Adriatic and Southern Italian jewelery, c. 800-690 BC, pendant 01
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., pettorale con pendenti.jpg|Iron Age, Piceno, Mid-Adriatic and Southern Italian jewelery, c. 800-690 BC, breastplate with pendants
File:Età del ferro, monili piceni, medio-adriatici e dell'italia meridionale, 800-690 ac ca., vaghi d'ambra.jpg|Iron Age, Piceni, Mid-Adriatic and Southern Italian jewelery, c. 800-690 BC, amber vague
File:Gemma minoica con uomo a braccia aperte tra due figure a testa animale portanti anfore, da tarquinia, XV-XIV secolo ac.jpg|Minoan gem with man with open arms between two animal-headed figures carrying amphorae, from tarquinia, 15th-14th century BC
File:Kotyle in oro con coppie di sfingi, 675-650 ac ca., da tomba bernardini nella necr. della colombella a palestrina.jpg|Kotyle in gold with pairs of sphinxes, c. 675-650 BC, from the bernardini tomb in the necr. of the colombella in palestrina
File:Museo-etrusco-di-villa-giulia---ori-castellani---cameo 32476200292 o.jpg|Etruscan-museum-of-villa-giulia --- ori-castellani --- cameo 32476200292 o
File:Museo-etrusco-di-villa-giulia---ori-castellani-spilla-etrusca 32627086395 o.jpg|Etruscan-museum-of-villa-giulia --- ori-castellani-etruscan-brooch 32627086395 o
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, 590 dc ca., grande fibula a staffa, da rieti.jpg|Early medieval goldsmiths, approx. 590 AD, large stirrup fibula, from rieti
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, goti, fibbia di cintura con almandini cloisonné su foglia d'oro, 490 dc ca. 02.jpg|Early medieval goldsmiths, Goths, belt buckle with cloisonné almandins on gold leaf, c. 490 AD. 02
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, bracciale con globuli.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, bracelet with globules
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, bracciale con piccole piramidi.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, bracelet with small pyramids
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, collana in vaghi di paste vitree.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, glass paste necklace
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, fibbia di cintura 06.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, belt buckle 06
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, fibbia di cintura con almandini 03.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, belt buckle with almandines 03
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, fibbia di cintura con almandini a goccia, da barete (AQ) 01.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, belt buckle with drop almandines, from barete (AQ) 01
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, fibbia di cintura con almandini a goccia, da barete (AQ) 02.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, belt buckle with drop almandines, from barete (AQ) 02
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, fibbia di cinturone.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, belt buckle
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, fibule a disco.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, disc fibulae
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, fibule a forma di animali.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, animal-shaped fibulae
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, fibule a S 01.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, S 01 fibulae
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, fibule a S 02.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, S 02 fibulae
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, fibule a staffa 01.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, stirrup fibulae 01
File:Oreficerie altomedievali, V-VII secolo, fibule a staffa 02.jpg|Early medieval jewelery, 5th-7th century, stirrup fibulae 02
File:Oreficerie castellani, 27 pezzi di gioielli all'antica, xix secolo (roma, villa giulia) 01,1.jpg|Castellani goldsmiths, 27 pieces of antique jewelery, 19th century (rome, villa giulia) 01,1
File:Oreficerie castellani, 27 pezzi di gioielli all'antica, xix secolo (roma, villa giulia) 01.jpg|Castellani goldsmiths, 27 pieces of antique jewelery, 19th century (rome, villa giulia) 01
File:Oreficerie castellani, 27 pezzi di gioielli all'antica, xix secolo (roma, villa giulia) 02,2.jpg|Castellani goldsmiths, 27 pieces of antique jewelery, 19th century (rome, villa giulia) 02,2
File:Oreficerie castellani, 27 pezzi di gioielli all'antica, xix secolo (roma, villa giulia) 02.jpg|Castellani goldsmiths, 27 pieces of antique jewelery, 19th century (rome, villa giulia) 02
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, ago crinale 01.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, crest needle 01
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, bracciale con micromosaico.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the antique in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, bracelets
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, fibula 01.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, fibula 01
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, braccialetto 01.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, bracelet 01
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, braccialetto 02.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, bracelet 02
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, collana 01.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, necklace 01
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, collana 01.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, necklace 02
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, collana 01.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, necklace 03
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, collana 01.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, necklace 04
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, collana 01.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, necklace 05
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, collana 01.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, necklace 06
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, collana 01.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, necklace 07
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, collana 01.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, necklace 08
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, croce pettorale.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, pectoral cross
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, fibula con leone alato e paperelle.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the antique partly by incorporating original materials, 19th century, fibula with winged lion and ducks
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, orecchini 01.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the antique in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, earrings 01
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, orecchini a navicella con grappoli.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, ship earrings with bunches
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, spilla 01.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, brooch 01
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, spilla 02.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, brooch 02
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, spilla 03.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, brooch 03
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, spilla 04 con medusa.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, brooch 04
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, spilla con cameo di gusto gotico.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the ancient in part by incorporating original materials, 19th century, brooch with a Gothic style cameo
File:Ori castellani, realizzati a imitazione dell'antico in parte inglobando materiali originari, XIX secolo, spilla con civetta a micromosaico.jpg|Castellani golds, made in imitation of the antique partly by incorporating original materials, 19th century, brooch with micromosaic owl
File:Parte di collana con vaghi in ambra e pendenti d'argento, dalla tomba castellani a palestrina, 700-675 ac ca. 01.jpg|Part of a necklace with amber beads and silver pendants, from the Castellani Tomb in Palestrina, c. 700-675 BC. 01
File:Parte di collana con vaghi in ambra e pendenti d'argento, dalla tomba castellani a palestrina, 700-675 ac ca. 02.jpg|Part of a necklace with amber beads and silver pendants, from the Castellani Tomb in Palestrina, c. 700-675 BC. 02
File:Piastra in oro con animali stilizzati, 675-650 ac ca., da tomba barberini nella necr. della colombella a palestrina.jpg|Gold plate with stylized animals, c. 675-650 BC, from the Barberini tomb in the necr. of the colombella in palestrina
File:Piccolo lebete con teste di serpente e incisioni di uccelli, guerrieri e cavalieri, argento, 675-650 ac ca., da t. bernardini necr. della colombella a palestrina.jpg|Small lebete with snake heads and engravings of birds, warriors and knights, silver, c. 675-650 BC, from t. bernardini necr. of the colombella in palestrina
File:Placchette tardo-micenee di diadema in vetro blu, da rodi, XIV-XIII secolo ac.jpg|Late Mycenaean blue glass diadem plaques, from Rhodes, 14th-13th century BC
File:Roma, repubblica o impero, oreficerie, I secolo ac.-III dc, anelli 01.jpg|Rome, republic or empire, goldsmiths, 1st century BC-3rd AD, rings 01
File:Roma, repubblica o impero, oreficerie, I secolo ac.-III dc, anelli a serpente e con busto di osiride.jpg|Rome, republic or empire, goldsmiths, 1st century BC-3rd AD, snake rings and with a bust of osiris
File:Roma, repubblica o impero, oreficerie, I secolo ac.-III dc, anelli in ferro a chiave per militari responsabili di castra.jpg|Rome, republic or empire, goldsmiths, 1st century BC-3rd AD, iron key rings for soldiers responsible for castra
File:Roma, repubblica o impero, oreficerie, I secolo ac.-III dc, armilla a serpente.jpg|Rome, republic or empire, goldsmiths, 1st century BC-3rd AD, snake armilla
File:Roma, repubblica o impero, oreficerie, I secolo ac.-III dc, collana.jpg|Rome, republic or empire, goldsmiths, 1st century BC-3rd AD, necklace
File:Roma, repubblica o impero, oreficerie, I secolo ac.-III dc, collane in oro e pietre preziose.jpg|Rome, republic or empire, goldsmithery, 1st century BC-3rd AD, gold and precious stone necklaces
File:Roma, repubblica o impero, oreficerie, I secolo ac.-III dc, orecchini con pendenti.jpg|Rome, republic or empire, jewelery, 1st century BC-3rd AD, earrings with pendants
File:Roma, repubblica o impero, oreficerie, I secolo ac.-III dc, scettro con testa d'aquila 01.jpg|Rome, republic or empire, goldsmiths, 1st century BC-3rd AD, scepter with eagle's head 01
File:Roma, repubblica o impero, oreficerie, I secolo ac.-III dc, scettro con testa d'aquila 02.jpg|Rome, republic or empire, goldsmiths, 1st century BC-3rd AD, scepter with eagle's head 02
File:Roma, repubblica o impero, oreficerie, I secolo ac.-III dc, tondo in avorio con caccia calidonia.jpg|Rome, republic or empire, goldsmiths, 1st century BC-3rd AD, ivory tondo with Calydonian hunting
File:Skiphos in lamina d'argento, dalla tomba castellani a palestrina, 700-675 ac ca.jpg|Skiphos in silver foil, from the castellani tomb in palestrina, c.700-675 BC
</Gallery>

== References ==
<references/>

== Bibliography ==
* G. Bordenache Battaglia, «CASTELLANI». In: ''[[Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani]]'', Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 1978 ([https://ift.tt/2R8RpiY on-line]).
* Ministero per i Beni e le Attività culturali, Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici del Lazio, ''I Castellani e l'oreficeria archeologica italiana : New York, the bard graduate center for studies in the decorative arts, 18 novembre 2004-6 febbraio 2005; Londra, Somerset house, 5 maggio-18 settembre 2005; Roma, Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia, 11 novembre 2005-26 febbraio 2006'', Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider, 2005. ISBN 88-8265-354-4 ([https://ift.tt/32SqFFI Google books]).
* Sante Guido, ''L'oreficeria sacra dei Castellani in Vaticano'', Città del Vaticano: Edizioni Capitolo Vaticano, 2011 - (Archivium Sancti Petri). ISBN 9788863390223.
* Sante Guido, '' Il Calice Castellani nel Museo della Basilica Papale di Santa Maria Maggiore '', Roma: Lisanti Editore - (Studia Liberiana IV). ISBN 9788890583810.

== External links ==
*

[[Category:Italian goldsmiths]]
[[Category:Italian potters]]
[[Category:Italian collectors]]
[[Category:People from Rome]]
[[Category:Italian families]]

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