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[[File:Roland of Parma and Gregory VII.jpg|thumb|upright|Modern illustration depicting Roland's meeting with Gregory]]
'''Roland of Parma''' was the [[bishop of Treviso]] from 1073/1078 until 1089/1091.
Roland came from the upper ranks of the clergy of [[Parma]]. In a charter of 1073, Bertha, abbess of [[San Paolo, Parma|San Paolo in Parma]], donated property she owned in [[Berceto]] to her convent. The act was witnessed by Roland, described as [[deacon]], [[Provost (religion)|provost]] and [[scholaster]] (''diaconus et praepositus et magister scholarum''). He signed immediately after the bishop, Everard, and the archpriest, Gezzo, indicating his position in the ecclesiastical hierarchy of Parma at that time.
Roland's predecessor as bishop, Accelinus, is last attested on 2 January 1073. Roland was appointed bishop of Treviso by the Emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] sometime between 1073 and 1078. [[Bonizo of Sutri]], in his account of the events of 1076, refers to him simply as "the cleric Roland", ''Rolandus clericus''.
In February 1076, Roland delivered the decisions of the [[Kingdom of Germany|German]] [[Synod of Worms|council of Worms]] and the [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italian]] [[Council of Piacenza (1076)|council of Piacenza]] to Pope [[Pope Gregory VII|Gregory VII]] in Rome. He had not attended Worms, but he was present at Piacenza. These councils demanded the pope's abdication. According to the account of Bonizo, Roland's arrival during the [[Lenten synod]] so enraged the assembly that Gregory had to intervene to save his life and end the session.
The official record of the Lenten synod of 1078, held from 27 February until 3 March, says that Roland, "who to acquire the honor of a bishop became a crafty ambassador, did not recoil from making a schism between the kingdom and the priesthood", and records his excommunication and deposition. The Lenten synods of 1079 and 1080 repeated the decree of excommunication. Roland is still attested as a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] of the [[cathedral of Parma]] in charge of the school in 1080, but by 1081 he had been replaced in this position by Ingo.
On 25 June 1080, Roland signed the decree of the [[Synod of Brixen|council of Brixen]] against Gregory VII "freely" (''libentissime''). He is attested as an intervener for [[Patriarchate of Aquileia|Aquileia]] in a charter of 1081. He attended the synod held by the anti-pope [[Antipope Clement III|Clement III]] in [[Ravenna]] in 1086. His last appearance is in the record of a ''[[placitum]]'' held in Treviso on 13 October 1089 by Duke [[Liutold of Eppenstein|Liutold of Carinthia]], who was also [[Margrave of Verona]]. His successor as bishop, Gumpold, is mentioned for the first time on 23 May 1091.
==Notes==
==Sources==
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[[Category:11th-century Italian people]]
[[Category:People from Parma]]
[[Category:Bishops of Treviso]]
[[Category:Investiture Controversy]]
'''Roland of Parma''' was the [[bishop of Treviso]] from 1073/1078 until 1089/1091.
Roland came from the upper ranks of the clergy of [[Parma]]. In a charter of 1073, Bertha, abbess of [[San Paolo, Parma|San Paolo in Parma]], donated property she owned in [[Berceto]] to her convent. The act was witnessed by Roland, described as [[deacon]], [[Provost (religion)|provost]] and [[scholaster]] (''diaconus et praepositus et magister scholarum''). He signed immediately after the bishop, Everard, and the archpriest, Gezzo, indicating his position in the ecclesiastical hierarchy of Parma at that time.
Roland's predecessor as bishop, Accelinus, is last attested on 2 January 1073. Roland was appointed bishop of Treviso by the Emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] sometime between 1073 and 1078. [[Bonizo of Sutri]], in his account of the events of 1076, refers to him simply as "the cleric Roland", ''Rolandus clericus''.
In February 1076, Roland delivered the decisions of the [[Kingdom of Germany|German]] [[Synod of Worms|council of Worms]] and the [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italian]] [[Council of Piacenza (1076)|council of Piacenza]] to Pope [[Pope Gregory VII|Gregory VII]] in Rome. He had not attended Worms, but he was present at Piacenza. These councils demanded the pope's abdication. According to the account of Bonizo, Roland's arrival during the [[Lenten synod]] so enraged the assembly that Gregory had to intervene to save his life and end the session.
The official record of the Lenten synod of 1078, held from 27 February until 3 March, says that Roland, "who to acquire the honor of a bishop became a crafty ambassador, did not recoil from making a schism between the kingdom and the priesthood", and records his excommunication and deposition. The Lenten synods of 1079 and 1080 repeated the decree of excommunication. Roland is still attested as a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] of the [[cathedral of Parma]] in charge of the school in 1080, but by 1081 he had been replaced in this position by Ingo.
On 25 June 1080, Roland signed the decree of the [[Synod of Brixen|council of Brixen]] against Gregory VII "freely" (''libentissime''). He is attested as an intervener for [[Patriarchate of Aquileia|Aquileia]] in a charter of 1081. He attended the synod held by the anti-pope [[Antipope Clement III|Clement III]] in [[Ravenna]] in 1086. His last appearance is in the record of a ''[[placitum]]'' held in Treviso on 13 October 1089 by Duke [[Liutold of Eppenstein|Liutold of Carinthia]], who was also [[Margrave of Verona]]. His successor as bishop, Gumpold, is mentioned for the first time on 23 May 1091.
==Notes==
==Sources==
*
*
*
*
*
[[Category:11th-century Italian people]]
[[Category:People from Parma]]
[[Category:Bishops of Treviso]]
[[Category:Investiture Controversy]]
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