Dexbot: Bot: Aligning section names with MOS:SECTIONS
[[Turkey|Turkish]] ambassador in [[Accra]] to [[Ghana]] is also accredited to [[Liberia]] since 2013.<ref></ref> [[Liberia]]n Embassy in [[Brussels]] is accredited to [[Turkey]].<ref></ref>[[Turkey]] will be opening an embassy in [[Liberia]]’s capital [[Monrovia]] 'as soon as possible.'<ref></ref>
== Diplomatic Relations ==
[[Turkey]] and [[Liberia]] have close relations because of the close relations between [[Liberia]]–[[United States]]<ref>Huffman, Alan. Mississippi in Africa: The Saga of the Slaves of Prospect Hill Plantation and Their Legacy in Liberia Today. New York: Gotham Books, 2005.</ref> and Turkey–[[United States]]. [[American Colonization Society]] created [[Liberia]] as a home for freed [[United States|U.S.]] slaves — and through this close connection, the [[United States|U.S.]] continued to support [[Liberia]] economically and politically.<ref>Ayittey, George B.N. Africa Unchained: The Blueprint for Africa’s Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.</ref> [[Turkey]] declined to support Liberia during the [[Samuel Doe|Doe]] and [[Charles Taylor (Liberian politician)|Taylor]] administrations, which caused the death of more than 200,000 [[Liberia]]ns.<ref>Wright, Stephen. African Foreign Policies. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1998.</ref> Since the election of [[Harvard University|Harvard]]-trained [[President of Liberia|President]] [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf|Sirleaf]], relations between [[Liberia]] and [[Turkey]] improved considerably.<ref>Ayittey, George B.N. Africa Unchained: The Blueprint for Africa’s Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.</ref>
Cooperating with<ref>Clegg III, Claude A. The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.</ref> the consortium of the [[World Bank]], the [[IMF]] and the [[African Development Bank]], [[Turkey]] raised money to pay off [[Liberia]]’s US$ 3.4 billion foreign debt<ref>Chan, Stephen. Grasping Africa: A Tale of Achievement and Tragedy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.</ref> and provided US$75 million in reconstruction and development assistance<ref>Chan, Stephen. Grasping Africa: A Tale of Achievement and Tragedy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.</ref> to rebuild the country<ref>Clegg III, Claude A. The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.</ref> following the [[First Liberian Civil War]] and [[Second Liberian Civil War]].
== Economic Relations ==
* Trade volume between the two countries was 191.9 million USD in 2019. <ref></ref>
== See also ==
* [[Foreign relations of Liberia]]
* [[Foreign relations of Turkey]]
== References ==
== Further reading ==
* Amin, Samir. Unequal Development: Social Formations at the Periphery of the Capitalist System. Hassocks, England: Harvester Press, 1978.
* Anderson, Robert Earle. Liberia, America’s African Friend. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
* Ayittey, George B.N. Africa Unchained: The Blueprint for Africa’s Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
* Black Scandal: America and the Liberian Labor Crisis, 1929–1936. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of International Issues, 1980.
* Burin, Eric. Slavery and the Peculiar Solution: A History of the American Colonization Society. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005.
* Calderisi, Robert. The Trouble with Africa: Why Foreign Aid Isn’t Working. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
* Canney, Donald. Africa Squadron: The U.S. Navy and the Slave Trade, 1842–1861. Lanham, Md.: Potomac Books, 2006.
* Chan, Stephen. Grasping Africa: A Tale of Achievement and Tragedy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
* Clegg III, Claude A. The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.
* Collier, Paul. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done about It. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
* Cutter, Charles H. Africa: The World Today Series. 42nd ed. Harpers Ferry, W.V.: Stryker-Post, 2007.
* Donohugh, Agnes Crawford. The Atlantic Charter and Africa from an American Standpoint: A Study by the Committee on Africa, the War, and Peace Aims. New York: Phelps-Stokes Fund, 1942.
* Ellis, Stephen. The Mask of Anarchy: The Destruction of Liberia and the Religious Dimension of an African Civil War. Updated ed. New York: New York University Press, 2006.
* Fahnbulleh, Boima H. Voices of Protest: Liberia on the Edge, 1974–1980. Boca Raton, Fla.: Universal, 2005.
* Gifford, Paul. Christianity and Politics in Doe’s Liberia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
* Huffman, Alan. Mississippi in Africa: The Saga of the Slaves of Prospect Hill Plantation and Their Legacy in Liberia Today. New York: Gotham Books, 2005.
* Hugon, Phillipe. African Geopolitics. Trans. by Steven Rendall. Princeton, N.J.: Markus Wiener, 2008.
* Hyman, Lester S. United States Policy towards Liberia, 1822 to 2003: Un- intended Consequences. Cherry Hill, N.J.: Africana Homestead Legacy, 2007.
* Kieh Jr., George K. Dependency and the Foreign Policy of a Small Power: The Liberian Case. San Francisco, Calif.: Mellen Research University Press, 1992.
* Kulah, Arthur F. Liberia Will Rise Again: Reflections on the Liberian Civil Crisis. Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press, 1997.
* Kunz, Diane B., ed. The Diplomacy of the Crucial Decade: American Foreign Relations during the 1960s. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
* Latham, Michael E. Modernization as Ideology: American Social Science and “Nation Building” in the Kennedy Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
* Levitt, Jeremy. The Evolution of Deadly Conflict in Liberia from ‘Paternaltarianism’ to State Collapse. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2005.
* Lyons, Terrence. “Keeping Africa off the Agenda.” In Warren I. Cohen and Nancy Bernkopf Tucker, eds. Lyndon Johnson Confronts the World: American Foreign Policy, 1963–1968. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
* Moran, Mary H. Liberia: The Violence of Democracy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006. Pham, John Peter. Liberia: Portrait of a Failed State. New York: Reed Press, 2004.
* Rostow, W.W. Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Foreign Aid. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1985.
* Sawyer, Amos. Beyond Plunder: Toward Democratic Governance in Liberia. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2005.
* Sneh, Itai Natzizenfield. The Future Almost Arrived: How Jimmy Carter Failed to Change U.S. Foreign Policy. New York: Peter Lang Publisher, 2008.
* Thornton, Richard C., ed. The Carter Years: Toward a New Global Order. New York: Paragon House, 1991.
* Tyler-McGraw, Marie. An African Republic: Black and White Virginians in the Making of Liberia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
* Vance, Cyrus R. Hard Choices: Critical Years in America’s Foreign Policy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983.
* Williams, Gabriel I.H. Liberia: The Heart of Darkness. New Bern, N.C.: Trafford, 2006.
* Wright, Stephen. African Foreign Policies. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1998.
* Young, Andrew. “The United States and Africa: Victory for Diplomacy.” Foreign Affairs 59, no. 4 (America and the World 1980).
[[Category:Liberia–Turkey relations]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Liberia|Turkey]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Turkey]]
== Diplomatic Relations ==
[[Turkey]] and [[Liberia]] have close relations because of the close relations between [[Liberia]]–[[United States]]<ref>Huffman, Alan. Mississippi in Africa: The Saga of the Slaves of Prospect Hill Plantation and Their Legacy in Liberia Today. New York: Gotham Books, 2005.</ref> and Turkey–[[United States]]. [[American Colonization Society]] created [[Liberia]] as a home for freed [[United States|U.S.]] slaves — and through this close connection, the [[United States|U.S.]] continued to support [[Liberia]] economically and politically.<ref>Ayittey, George B.N. Africa Unchained: The Blueprint for Africa’s Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.</ref> [[Turkey]] declined to support Liberia during the [[Samuel Doe|Doe]] and [[Charles Taylor (Liberian politician)|Taylor]] administrations, which caused the death of more than 200,000 [[Liberia]]ns.<ref>Wright, Stephen. African Foreign Policies. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1998.</ref> Since the election of [[Harvard University|Harvard]]-trained [[President of Liberia|President]] [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf|Sirleaf]], relations between [[Liberia]] and [[Turkey]] improved considerably.<ref>Ayittey, George B.N. Africa Unchained: The Blueprint for Africa’s Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.</ref>
Cooperating with<ref>Clegg III, Claude A. The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.</ref> the consortium of the [[World Bank]], the [[IMF]] and the [[African Development Bank]], [[Turkey]] raised money to pay off [[Liberia]]’s US$ 3.4 billion foreign debt<ref>Chan, Stephen. Grasping Africa: A Tale of Achievement and Tragedy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.</ref> and provided US$75 million in reconstruction and development assistance<ref>Chan, Stephen. Grasping Africa: A Tale of Achievement and Tragedy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.</ref> to rebuild the country<ref>Clegg III, Claude A. The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.</ref> following the [[First Liberian Civil War]] and [[Second Liberian Civil War]].
== Economic Relations ==
* Trade volume between the two countries was 191.9 million USD in 2019. <ref></ref>
== See also ==
* [[Foreign relations of Liberia]]
* [[Foreign relations of Turkey]]
== References ==
== Further reading ==
* Amin, Samir. Unequal Development: Social Formations at the Periphery of the Capitalist System. Hassocks, England: Harvester Press, 1978.
* Anderson, Robert Earle. Liberia, America’s African Friend. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
* Ayittey, George B.N. Africa Unchained: The Blueprint for Africa’s Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
* Black Scandal: America and the Liberian Labor Crisis, 1929–1936. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of International Issues, 1980.
* Burin, Eric. Slavery and the Peculiar Solution: A History of the American Colonization Society. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005.
* Calderisi, Robert. The Trouble with Africa: Why Foreign Aid Isn’t Working. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
* Canney, Donald. Africa Squadron: The U.S. Navy and the Slave Trade, 1842–1861. Lanham, Md.: Potomac Books, 2006.
* Chan, Stephen. Grasping Africa: A Tale of Achievement and Tragedy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
* Clegg III, Claude A. The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.
* Collier, Paul. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done about It. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
* Cutter, Charles H. Africa: The World Today Series. 42nd ed. Harpers Ferry, W.V.: Stryker-Post, 2007.
* Donohugh, Agnes Crawford. The Atlantic Charter and Africa from an American Standpoint: A Study by the Committee on Africa, the War, and Peace Aims. New York: Phelps-Stokes Fund, 1942.
* Ellis, Stephen. The Mask of Anarchy: The Destruction of Liberia and the Religious Dimension of an African Civil War. Updated ed. New York: New York University Press, 2006.
* Fahnbulleh, Boima H. Voices of Protest: Liberia on the Edge, 1974–1980. Boca Raton, Fla.: Universal, 2005.
* Gifford, Paul. Christianity and Politics in Doe’s Liberia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
* Huffman, Alan. Mississippi in Africa: The Saga of the Slaves of Prospect Hill Plantation and Their Legacy in Liberia Today. New York: Gotham Books, 2005.
* Hugon, Phillipe. African Geopolitics. Trans. by Steven Rendall. Princeton, N.J.: Markus Wiener, 2008.
* Hyman, Lester S. United States Policy towards Liberia, 1822 to 2003: Un- intended Consequences. Cherry Hill, N.J.: Africana Homestead Legacy, 2007.
* Kieh Jr., George K. Dependency and the Foreign Policy of a Small Power: The Liberian Case. San Francisco, Calif.: Mellen Research University Press, 1992.
* Kulah, Arthur F. Liberia Will Rise Again: Reflections on the Liberian Civil Crisis. Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press, 1997.
* Kunz, Diane B., ed. The Diplomacy of the Crucial Decade: American Foreign Relations during the 1960s. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
* Latham, Michael E. Modernization as Ideology: American Social Science and “Nation Building” in the Kennedy Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
* Levitt, Jeremy. The Evolution of Deadly Conflict in Liberia from ‘Paternaltarianism’ to State Collapse. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2005.
* Lyons, Terrence. “Keeping Africa off the Agenda.” In Warren I. Cohen and Nancy Bernkopf Tucker, eds. Lyndon Johnson Confronts the World: American Foreign Policy, 1963–1968. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
* Moran, Mary H. Liberia: The Violence of Democracy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006. Pham, John Peter. Liberia: Portrait of a Failed State. New York: Reed Press, 2004.
* Rostow, W.W. Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Foreign Aid. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1985.
* Sawyer, Amos. Beyond Plunder: Toward Democratic Governance in Liberia. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2005.
* Sneh, Itai Natzizenfield. The Future Almost Arrived: How Jimmy Carter Failed to Change U.S. Foreign Policy. New York: Peter Lang Publisher, 2008.
* Thornton, Richard C., ed. The Carter Years: Toward a New Global Order. New York: Paragon House, 1991.
* Tyler-McGraw, Marie. An African Republic: Black and White Virginians in the Making of Liberia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
* Vance, Cyrus R. Hard Choices: Critical Years in America’s Foreign Policy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983.
* Williams, Gabriel I.H. Liberia: The Heart of Darkness. New Bern, N.C.: Trafford, 2006.
* Wright, Stephen. African Foreign Policies. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1998.
* Young, Andrew. “The United States and Africa: Victory for Diplomacy.” Foreign Affairs 59, no. 4 (America and the World 1980).
[[Category:Liberia–Turkey relations]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Liberia|Turkey]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Turkey]]
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