Angola–Turkey relations

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The [[Turkey|Turkish]] Embassy in [[Luanda]] opened on April 1, 2010. [[Angola]]n embassy in [[Ankara]] opened on April 4, 2013.<ref></ref>

== Diplomatic relations ==

[[Turkey]] recognized [[Angola]] in 1975<ref></ref> even though there was pressure from [[United States]] to do otherwise. The [[Cuba]]n presence in Angola, and [[SWAPO]]<ref>Somerville, Keith. Angola: Politics, Economics, and Society. (Marxist Regimes Series.) Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986.</ref> and [[ANC]]<ref>Somerville, Keith. Angola: Politics, Economics, and Society. (Marxist Regimes Series.) Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986.</ref> bases in [[Angola]] led much of the Western world, including the [[United States]] to conclude<ref>Soremekun, Fola. "Angola." pp. 25-59 in Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko (eds.), The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984.</ref> that [[Angola]] was becoming a Soviet-sponsored state.<ref>Smith, Wayne S. "A Trap in Angola," Foreign Policy, No. 62, Spring 1986, pp. 61-74.</ref>

Ignoring [[Angola]]’s formal commitment<ref>Smith, Wayne S. "A Trap in Angola," Foreign Policy, No. 62, Spring 1986, pp. 61-74.</ref> to [[Marxism-Leninism]], [[Turkey]] and [[EEC]] increased foreign assistance grants during the [[Angolan Civil War]].<ref>Smith, Wayne S. "A Trap in Angola," Foreign Policy, No. 62, Spring 1986, pp. 61-74.</ref>

The [[Cuba]]n presence in [[Angola]] and the [[South Africa]]n [[South African Border War|incursions]] into [[Angola]] determined much of Angola’s foreign policy during the 1980s.<ref>Young, Thomas. "Angola: Recent History." pp. 224-28 in Africa South of the Sahara, 1986. London: Europa, 1985.</ref>

During the negotiations to end [[South Africa]]’s illegal occupation<ref>Young, Thomas. "Angola: Recent History." pp. 224-28 in Africa South of the Sahara, 1986. London: Europa, 1985.</ref> of [[Namibia]], [[Turkey]] tried — in vain<ref>Sidler, Peter. "South Africa and the Namibia Question," Swiss Review of World Affairs [Zurich], 38, No. 4. July 1988, 21-22.</ref> — to separate the issues of [[Namibia]]n independence, [[Cuban intervention in Angola|Cuban troops]] in Angola and apartheid. On the grounds that an independent [[Namibia]] would enlarge the territory available to countries linked to the [[Soviet Union]], [[South Africa]] continued its occupation of [[Namibia]].<ref>Ogunbadejo, Oye. "Angola: Ideology and Pragmatism in Foreign Policy," International Affairs [London], 57, Spring 1981, pp. 254-69.</ref>

Trying to chart a neutral position, [[Turkey]] condemned [[Cuban intervention in Angola|Cuban troops]] in Angola<ref>Ogunbadejo, Oye. "Angola: Ideology and Pragmatism in Foreign Policy," International Affairs [London], 57, Spring 1981, pp. 254-69.</ref> but also joined [[Angola]] in condemning<ref>Young, Thomas. "Angola: Recent History." pp. 224-28 in Africa South of the Sahara, 1986. London: Europa, 1985.</ref> [[South Africa]]n [[South African Border War|incursions]] into [[Angola]]. Trying to rally countries to his side, [[Turkey]] pointed out the irony of having [[Cuban intervention in Angola|Cuban troops]] guarding [[America]]n and [[Turkey|Turkish]]<ref>Young, Thomas. "Angola: Recent History." pp. 224-28 in Africa South of the Sahara, 1986. London: Europa, 1985.</ref> companies against attacks by [[South Africa]]n commandos<ref>Ogunbadejo, Oye. "Angola: Ideology and Pragmatism in Foreign Policy," International Affairs [London], 57, Spring 1981, pp. 254-69.</ref> that were receiving assistance from the [[United States]].

== Economic relations ==
* Trade volume between the two countries was 212 million USD in 2019.<ref></ref>

== See also ==

* [[Foreign relations of Angola]]
* [[Foreign relations of Turkey]]

== References ==


== Further reading ==
* Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels. "The Continuing Crisis in Angola," Current History, 82, No. 482, March 1983, pp. 124-25, 128, 138.
* Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels (eds.). Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.
* Gavshon, Arthur. Crisis in Africa: Battleground of East and West. New York: Penguin Books, 1981.

* Ogunbadejo, Oye. "Angola: Ideology and Pragmatism in Foreign Policy," International Affairs [London], 57, Spring 1981, pp. 254-69.
* Sidler, Peter. "South Africa and the Namibia Question," Swiss Review of World Affairs [Zurich], 38, No. 4. July 1988, pp. 21-22.
* Smith, Wayne S. "A Trap in Angola," Foreign Policy, No. 62, Spring 1986, pp. 61-74.
* Somerville, Keith. Angola: Politics, Economics, and Society. (Marxist Regimes Series.) Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986.

* Soremekun, Fola. "Angola." pp. 25-59 in Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko (eds.), The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984.
* Wheeler, Douglas L., and Rene Pelissier. Angola. New York: Praeger, 1971.
* Young, Thomas. "Angola: Recent History." pp. 224-28 in Africa South of the Sahara, 1986. London: Europa, 1985.





[[Category:Bilateral relations of Angola|Turkey]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Turkey]]

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