Ponderosapine210: Formatting adjustments.
'''Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)''' () are zones within [[Exclusive economic zone of Canada|Canadian waters]] where the marine environment enjoys a high level of environmental protection. Marine Protected Areas are governed by the ''Oceans Act'' of 1996 and administered by [[Fisheries and Oceans Canada]].<ref name=About>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
==Scope of protection==
Designation as a Marine Protected Area does not automatically prohibit fishing and other activities. Activities within these areas are assessed on a case-by-case basis and will be allowed if they are consistent with the conservation objectives of the specific area.<ref name=About/>
On 25 April 2019, new standards were adopted for marine protected areas that prohibit four industrial activities: oil and gas activities, mining, dumping, and bottom trawling. These standards do not retroactively void existing oil and gas licenses, or void previously approved bottom trawling activities. Instead, the department will assess each issue of these now prohibited activities on a case-by-case basis to ensure they're in line with the conservation objectives of the specific area.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
==Adding to the system==
A marine area is identified as an ''Area of Interest'' when it is under consideration to become a [[Fisheries and Oceans Canada#Marine Protected Areas|Marine Protected Area]] under the ''Oceans Act''.<ref name=AOIindex>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
==List of Marine Protected Areas==
As of September 2020, there were 14 Marine Protected Areas covering an area of approximately , or about 6% of Canada’s marine and coastal areas.<ref name=MPAindex>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope=col width=14%|Name
!scope=col width=11%|Location
!scope=col width=7%data-sort-type=isoDate|Established
!scope=col width=7%|Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name=MPAindex/>
!scope=col width=9%|Natural region<ref name=MPAindex/>
!class="unsortable"|Description
|-
| [[Anguniaqvia niqiqyuam Marine Protected Area|Anguniaqvia niqiqyuam]]
|
| 2016
| 2,358
| Western Arctic
| Protects ecologically important habitats for [[Arctic char]], [[cod]], [[beluga whale|beluga]] and [[bowhead whale]]s, [[ringed seal|ringed]] and [[bearded seal]]s, [[polar bear]]s, and numerous sea birds.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| [[Banc-des-Américains Marine Protected Area|Banc-des-Américains]]
|
| 2019
| 1,000
| [[Estuary of Saint Lawrence|Estuary]] and [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
| Protects the [[Benthic zone|benthic]] and [[Pelagic zone|pelagic]] ecosystems of an underwater ridge extending southeast from [[Cap Gaspé]].
|-
| [[Basin Head Marine Protected Area|Basin Head]]
|
| 2005
| 9
| [[Estuary of Saint Lawrence|Estuary]] and [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
| Protects an underwater ecosystem supporting [[Chondrus crispus|Irish moss]]
|-
| [[Eastport Marine Protected Area|Eastport]]
|
| 2005
| 2
| Newfoundland-Labrador Shelves
| Protects an area of high [[biological productivity]] and the spawning grounds of [[Lobster|lobster fish]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| [[Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents]]
|
| 2003
| 97
| [[Pacific Marine Ecozone (CEC)|Offshore Pacific]]
| Protects a collection of [[hydrothermal vent]]s nestled within the [[Juan de Fuca Ridge]].
|-
| [[Gilbert Bay Marine Protected Area|Gilbert Bay]]
|
| 2005
| 60
| Newfoundland-Labrador Shelves
| Protects a genetically unique resident population of [[Atlantic cod]] known as "Gilbert Bay cod".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|
|
| 2004
| 2,363
| [[Scotian Shelf]]
| Protects a deep [[submarine canyon]] ecosystem and endangered [[Cetacea|cetacean]] populations in the area.
|-
| [[Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reefs Marine Protected Area|Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reefs]]
|
| 2017
| 2,410
| [[North American Pacific Fjordland|Northern Shelf]]
| Protects four [[Sponge reef|glass sponge reefs]] that were the first discovered living specimens and are the largest glass sponge reefs in the world.
|-
| [[Laurentian Channel]]
|
| 2019
| 11,580
| Newfoundland-Labrador Shelves
| Protects a variety of endangered species within the channel.
|-
| [[Musquash Estuary Marine Protected Area|Musquash Estuary]]
|
| 2006
| 7
| [[Scotian Shelf]]
| Protects the largest ecologically-intact [[salt marsh]] in the [[Bay of Fundy]].
|-
| [[Saint Anns Bank Marine Protected Area|Saint Anns Bank]]
|
| 2017
| 4,364
| [[Scotian Shelf]]
| Protects a region of high [[biodiversity]] and [[biological productivity]] off the east coast of [[Cape Breton Island]].
|-
| [[Bowie Seamount|SGaan Kinghlas-Bowie Seamount]]
|
| 2008
| 6,103
| [[Pacific Marine Ecozone (CEC)|Offshore Pacific]]
| Protects a unique, biologically diverse marine community of [[Deep sea|deep sea]], [[Neritic zone|subtidal]], and [[Intertidal zone|intertidal]] species.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| [[Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area|Tarium Niryutait]]
| <br>
| 2010
| 1,750
| Western Arctic
| Protects a dynamic, highly productive, and biologically diverse marine ecosystem located within the outer reaches of the [[Mackenzie River]] [[River delta|delta]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| [[Tuvaijuittuq Marine Protected Area|Tuvaijuittuq]]
|
| 2019
| 319,411
| [[Arctic Basin Marine Ecozone (CEC)|Arctic Basin]] and [[Arctic Archipelago Marine Ecozone (CEC)|Arctic Archipelago]]
| Protects a diverse marine ecosystem dependent on thick, multi-year [[pack ice]] created by the circulation of the [[Beaufort Gyre]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|}
==Areas of Interest==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Name
! Location
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name=AOIindex/>
! Natural region<ref name=AOIindex/>
! class="unsortable"|Description
|-
| Eastern Shore Islands
|
| 2,000
| [[Scotian Shelf]]
| A large, [[Biological productivity|highly productive]], and ecologically intact stretch of coastline between the villages of [[Marie Joseph, Nova Scotia|Marie Joseph]] and [[West Jeddore, Nova Scotia|West Jeddore]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| Fundian Channel-Browns Bank
|
| 7,200
| [[Scotian Shelf]]
| Area hosting diverse [[Benthic zone|benthic]] habitats and depleted fish species.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence
|
| TBD<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
| [[Estuary of Saint Lawrence|Estuary]] and [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
|
|-
| Offshore Pacific
|
| 133,019
| [[Pacific Marine Ecozone (CEC)|Offshore Pacific]]
|
|-
| [[Race Rocks Ecological Reserve|Race Rocks (XwaYeN)]]
|
| 2
| [[Strait of Juan de Fuca]]
|
|-
|
|
| 6,000
| [[Estuary of Saint Lawrence|Estuary]] and [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
|
|-
| Shediac Valley
| <br>
| 1,530
| [[Estuary of Saint Lawrence|Estuary]] and [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
| Area of high [[biological productivity]] and a key habitat for various fish species.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| Southampton Island
|
| 93,087
| [[Hudson Complex]]
| Area of high [[biological productivity]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|}
==See also==
*[[National Marine Conservation Area]]
==References==
[[Category:Marine Protected Areas of Canada| ]]
==Scope of protection==
Designation as a Marine Protected Area does not automatically prohibit fishing and other activities. Activities within these areas are assessed on a case-by-case basis and will be allowed if they are consistent with the conservation objectives of the specific area.<ref name=About/>
On 25 April 2019, new standards were adopted for marine protected areas that prohibit four industrial activities: oil and gas activities, mining, dumping, and bottom trawling. These standards do not retroactively void existing oil and gas licenses, or void previously approved bottom trawling activities. Instead, the department will assess each issue of these now prohibited activities on a case-by-case basis to ensure they're in line with the conservation objectives of the specific area.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
==Adding to the system==
A marine area is identified as an ''Area of Interest'' when it is under consideration to become a [[Fisheries and Oceans Canada#Marine Protected Areas|Marine Protected Area]] under the ''Oceans Act''.<ref name=AOIindex>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
==List of Marine Protected Areas==
As of September 2020, there were 14 Marine Protected Areas covering an area of approximately , or about 6% of Canada’s marine and coastal areas.<ref name=MPAindex>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope=col width=14%|Name
!scope=col width=11%|Location
!scope=col width=7%data-sort-type=isoDate|Established
!scope=col width=7%|Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name=MPAindex/>
!scope=col width=9%|Natural region<ref name=MPAindex/>
!class="unsortable"|Description
|-
| [[Anguniaqvia niqiqyuam Marine Protected Area|Anguniaqvia niqiqyuam]]
|
| 2016
| 2,358
| Western Arctic
| Protects ecologically important habitats for [[Arctic char]], [[cod]], [[beluga whale|beluga]] and [[bowhead whale]]s, [[ringed seal|ringed]] and [[bearded seal]]s, [[polar bear]]s, and numerous sea birds.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| [[Banc-des-Américains Marine Protected Area|Banc-des-Américains]]
|
| 2019
| 1,000
| [[Estuary of Saint Lawrence|Estuary]] and [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
| Protects the [[Benthic zone|benthic]] and [[Pelagic zone|pelagic]] ecosystems of an underwater ridge extending southeast from [[Cap Gaspé]].
|-
| [[Basin Head Marine Protected Area|Basin Head]]
|
| 2005
| 9
| [[Estuary of Saint Lawrence|Estuary]] and [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
| Protects an underwater ecosystem supporting [[Chondrus crispus|Irish moss]]
|-
| [[Eastport Marine Protected Area|Eastport]]
|
| 2005
| 2
| Newfoundland-Labrador Shelves
| Protects an area of high [[biological productivity]] and the spawning grounds of [[Lobster|lobster fish]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| [[Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents]]
|
| 2003
| 97
| [[Pacific Marine Ecozone (CEC)|Offshore Pacific]]
| Protects a collection of [[hydrothermal vent]]s nestled within the [[Juan de Fuca Ridge]].
|-
| [[Gilbert Bay Marine Protected Area|Gilbert Bay]]
|
| 2005
| 60
| Newfoundland-Labrador Shelves
| Protects a genetically unique resident population of [[Atlantic cod]] known as "Gilbert Bay cod".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|
|
| 2004
| 2,363
| [[Scotian Shelf]]
| Protects a deep [[submarine canyon]] ecosystem and endangered [[Cetacea|cetacean]] populations in the area.
|-
| [[Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reefs Marine Protected Area|Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reefs]]
|
| 2017
| 2,410
| [[North American Pacific Fjordland|Northern Shelf]]
| Protects four [[Sponge reef|glass sponge reefs]] that were the first discovered living specimens and are the largest glass sponge reefs in the world.
|-
| [[Laurentian Channel]]
|
| 2019
| 11,580
| Newfoundland-Labrador Shelves
| Protects a variety of endangered species within the channel.
|-
| [[Musquash Estuary Marine Protected Area|Musquash Estuary]]
|
| 2006
| 7
| [[Scotian Shelf]]
| Protects the largest ecologically-intact [[salt marsh]] in the [[Bay of Fundy]].
|-
| [[Saint Anns Bank Marine Protected Area|Saint Anns Bank]]
|
| 2017
| 4,364
| [[Scotian Shelf]]
| Protects a region of high [[biodiversity]] and [[biological productivity]] off the east coast of [[Cape Breton Island]].
|-
| [[Bowie Seamount|SGaan Kinghlas-Bowie Seamount]]
|
| 2008
| 6,103
| [[Pacific Marine Ecozone (CEC)|Offshore Pacific]]
| Protects a unique, biologically diverse marine community of [[Deep sea|deep sea]], [[Neritic zone|subtidal]], and [[Intertidal zone|intertidal]] species.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| [[Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area|Tarium Niryutait]]
| <br>
| 2010
| 1,750
| Western Arctic
| Protects a dynamic, highly productive, and biologically diverse marine ecosystem located within the outer reaches of the [[Mackenzie River]] [[River delta|delta]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| [[Tuvaijuittuq Marine Protected Area|Tuvaijuittuq]]
|
| 2019
| 319,411
| [[Arctic Basin Marine Ecozone (CEC)|Arctic Basin]] and [[Arctic Archipelago Marine Ecozone (CEC)|Arctic Archipelago]]
| Protects a diverse marine ecosystem dependent on thick, multi-year [[pack ice]] created by the circulation of the [[Beaufort Gyre]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|}
==Areas of Interest==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Name
! Location
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name=AOIindex/>
! Natural region<ref name=AOIindex/>
! class="unsortable"|Description
|-
| Eastern Shore Islands
|
| 2,000
| [[Scotian Shelf]]
| A large, [[Biological productivity|highly productive]], and ecologically intact stretch of coastline between the villages of [[Marie Joseph, Nova Scotia|Marie Joseph]] and [[West Jeddore, Nova Scotia|West Jeddore]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| Fundian Channel-Browns Bank
|
| 7,200
| [[Scotian Shelf]]
| Area hosting diverse [[Benthic zone|benthic]] habitats and depleted fish species.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence
|
| TBD<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
| [[Estuary of Saint Lawrence|Estuary]] and [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
|
|-
| Offshore Pacific
|
| 133,019
| [[Pacific Marine Ecozone (CEC)|Offshore Pacific]]
|
|-
| [[Race Rocks Ecological Reserve|Race Rocks (XwaYeN)]]
|
| 2
| [[Strait of Juan de Fuca]]
|
|-
|
|
| 6,000
| [[Estuary of Saint Lawrence|Estuary]] and [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
|
|-
| Shediac Valley
| <br>
| 1,530
| [[Estuary of Saint Lawrence|Estuary]] and [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
| Area of high [[biological productivity]] and a key habitat for various fish species.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| Southampton Island
|
| 93,087
| [[Hudson Complex]]
| Area of high [[biological productivity]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|}
==See also==
*[[National Marine Conservation Area]]
==References==
[[Category:Marine Protected Areas of Canada| ]]
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