Srnec: link
[[File:Menologion of Basil 032.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The burial of Domitian, from the ''[[Menologion of Basil II]]'' (11th century)]]
'''Domitian''' (, ; c. 550 – 602) was the nephew of the [[Roman emperor]] [[Maurice (emperor)|Maurice]] and the bishop of [[Melitene]] in [[Roman Armenia]] from around 580 until his death.<ref name=PLRE>John R. Martindale (ed.), ''[[Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire|The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire]]: Volume III, AD 527–641'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 411.</ref> He was renowned as a diplomat and is regarded as a saint by the [[Chalcedonian]] churches for enforcing orthodoxy in the northeast of the empire.<ref name=ODB>[[Walter Emil Kaegi]] and [[Alexander Kazhdan]], [https://ift.tt/339akNX "Domitianos"], in Alexander Kazhdan (ed.), ''[[Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium|The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium]]'' (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1991).</ref>
Domitian was born around 550.<ref name=ODB/> According to the ''[[Chronicle of 1234]]'' and [[Michael the Syrian]], he was the son of Maurice's brother [[Peter (curopalates)|Peter]], although [[John of Nikiu]] makes him Maurice's cousin, the son of his paternal uncle.<ref name=PLRE/> Many other sources—e.g. [[Evagrius Scholasticus]], [[Theophylact Simocatta]], [[Nicephorus Callistus]]—describe him as a relative without specifying further.<ref name=PLRE/> Ernest Honigmann made Domitian a cousin of Maurice by taking his father, Peter, for the emperor's maternal uncle.<ref name=ODB/>
According to [[John of Ephesus]]'s ''Historia Ecclesiastica'', Maurice arranged his election as [[metropolitan bishop]] of Melitene about two years before the he succeeded to the imperial throne, while he was still just ''[[magister militum]] per [[Diocese of the East|Orientem]]''.<ref name=PLRE/><ref name=TBS>Basil Watkins, ''The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary'', 8th rev. ed. (Bloomsbury, 2016), p. 186.</ref><ref name=PA>[[Pauline Allen]], "Neo-Chalcedonism and the Patriarchs of the Late Sixth Century", ''Byzantion'' '''50''', 1 (1980), pp. 5–17. </ref> Domitian was a widower at the time. He reportedly gave the gifts he received from the emperor to the poor.<ref name=TBS/>
Domitian became a close confidant of the emperor, entrusted by Maurice with important affairs of state.<ref name=PLRE/> The [[Monophysite]] John of Ephesus, who died before Domitian's persecution of the Monophysites, regarded him as an astute advisor.<ref name=PA/> In this capacity, he mainly resided in [[Constantinople]] in the periods 582–585 and 591–598.<ref name=ODB/> In 587 or 588, King [[Childebert II|Childebert II of Austrasia]] wrote to him seeking a peace treaty with the Romans. This letter is preserved in the collection known as the ''[[Epistulae Austrasicae]]''. In 590, he was sent with Bishop [[Gregory of Antioch]] to [[Constantia (Osrhoene)|Constantina]] to join the exiled [[Sasanian Empire|Persian king]] [[Khosrow II]], whom Maurice intended to restore.<ref name=PLRE/><ref>Doug Lee, "Episcopal Power and Perils in the Late Sixth Century: The Case of Gregory of Antioch", ''Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies'' '''50''', Supplement 91 (2007), p. 100. </ref> He took the surrender of the Persian garrison occupying [[Martyropolis]].<ref name=PLRE/> He accompanied Khosrow and the Roman army under [[Narses (general under Maurice)|Narses]] as far as [[Mardin]] in 591.<ref name=PLRE/><ref name=ODB/> He negotiated a treaty with Khosrow, who had great confidence in him.<ref name=ODB/>
Pope [[Gregory the Great]] wrote at least three letters to Domitian (August 593, 1 June 595 and September or October 598). In the testament that Maurice had drawn up in 596 or 597, which was only discovered in the reign of [[Heraclius]], Domitian was named guardian of the emperor's children.<ref name=PLRE/> In 598 or 599, at Domitian's request, Maurice authorized him to persecute the Monophysites in the vicinity of Melitene.<ref name=PLRE/><ref name=PA/> This persecution was probably not too severe, since the Monophysites later came to regard Maurice as a saint<!--"the persecution cannot have attained significant proportions, for Maurice nonetheless was awarded the accolade of sainthood by the monophysite tradition"-->,<ref name=PA/> but Monophysite sources—the ''[[Chronicle of 724]]'', the ''[[Chronicle of 819]]'', the ''Chronicle of 1234'', Michael the Syrian and [[Bar Hebraeus]]—are universally hostile to Domitian, accusing him of seizing all their churches in northern [[Mesopotamia]] and [[Roman Syria|Syria]].<ref name=PLRE/><ref name=ODB/> He deposed [[Thomas of Harqel]] from the see of [[Mabbug]], forcing him into exile in the [[Enaton]].<ref>[[William H. P. Hatch]], "The Subscription in the Chester Beatty Manuscript of the Harclean Gospels", ''The Harvard Theological Review'' '''30''', 3 (1937), p. 143. </ref> By contrast, the Chalcedonian bishop [[Eulogius of Alexandria]] dedicated on of his theological works to Domitian.<ref name=PLRE/> He is also remembered for trying to convert local [[Zoroastrians]].<ref name=TBS/>
According to [[Theophanes the Confessor]], Domitian died on 12 January 602 and was buried in the [[Church of the Holy Apostles]] in Constantinople.<ref name=PLRE/> Other sources give his date of death as 10 January and that is the day of his celebration in the Chalcedonian churches, who regard him as a saint.<ref name=ODB/> He is in the revised ''[[Roman Martyrology]]'' (2004), but not in the ''[[General Roman Calendar]]''.<ref name=TBS/>
==References==
[[Category:6th-century births]]
[[Category:602 deaths]]
[[Category:Justinian dynasty]]
[[Category:6th-century bishops]]
[[Category:7th-century bishops]]
[[Category:7th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:Saints from Roman Anatolia]]
[[Category:Byzantine saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church]]
[[Category:People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars]]
[[Category:Byzantine diplomats]]
'''Domitian''' (, ; c. 550 – 602) was the nephew of the [[Roman emperor]] [[Maurice (emperor)|Maurice]] and the bishop of [[Melitene]] in [[Roman Armenia]] from around 580 until his death.<ref name=PLRE>John R. Martindale (ed.), ''[[Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire|The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire]]: Volume III, AD 527–641'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 411.</ref> He was renowned as a diplomat and is regarded as a saint by the [[Chalcedonian]] churches for enforcing orthodoxy in the northeast of the empire.<ref name=ODB>[[Walter Emil Kaegi]] and [[Alexander Kazhdan]], [https://ift.tt/339akNX "Domitianos"], in Alexander Kazhdan (ed.), ''[[Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium|The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium]]'' (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1991).</ref>
Domitian was born around 550.<ref name=ODB/> According to the ''[[Chronicle of 1234]]'' and [[Michael the Syrian]], he was the son of Maurice's brother [[Peter (curopalates)|Peter]], although [[John of Nikiu]] makes him Maurice's cousin, the son of his paternal uncle.<ref name=PLRE/> Many other sources—e.g. [[Evagrius Scholasticus]], [[Theophylact Simocatta]], [[Nicephorus Callistus]]—describe him as a relative without specifying further.<ref name=PLRE/> Ernest Honigmann made Domitian a cousin of Maurice by taking his father, Peter, for the emperor's maternal uncle.<ref name=ODB/>
According to [[John of Ephesus]]'s ''Historia Ecclesiastica'', Maurice arranged his election as [[metropolitan bishop]] of Melitene about two years before the he succeeded to the imperial throne, while he was still just ''[[magister militum]] per [[Diocese of the East|Orientem]]''.<ref name=PLRE/><ref name=TBS>Basil Watkins, ''The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary'', 8th rev. ed. (Bloomsbury, 2016), p. 186.</ref><ref name=PA>[[Pauline Allen]], "Neo-Chalcedonism and the Patriarchs of the Late Sixth Century", ''Byzantion'' '''50''', 1 (1980), pp. 5–17. </ref> Domitian was a widower at the time. He reportedly gave the gifts he received from the emperor to the poor.<ref name=TBS/>
Domitian became a close confidant of the emperor, entrusted by Maurice with important affairs of state.<ref name=PLRE/> The [[Monophysite]] John of Ephesus, who died before Domitian's persecution of the Monophysites, regarded him as an astute advisor.<ref name=PA/> In this capacity, he mainly resided in [[Constantinople]] in the periods 582–585 and 591–598.<ref name=ODB/> In 587 or 588, King [[Childebert II|Childebert II of Austrasia]] wrote to him seeking a peace treaty with the Romans. This letter is preserved in the collection known as the ''[[Epistulae Austrasicae]]''. In 590, he was sent with Bishop [[Gregory of Antioch]] to [[Constantia (Osrhoene)|Constantina]] to join the exiled [[Sasanian Empire|Persian king]] [[Khosrow II]], whom Maurice intended to restore.<ref name=PLRE/><ref>Doug Lee, "Episcopal Power and Perils in the Late Sixth Century: The Case of Gregory of Antioch", ''Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies'' '''50''', Supplement 91 (2007), p. 100. </ref> He took the surrender of the Persian garrison occupying [[Martyropolis]].<ref name=PLRE/> He accompanied Khosrow and the Roman army under [[Narses (general under Maurice)|Narses]] as far as [[Mardin]] in 591.<ref name=PLRE/><ref name=ODB/> He negotiated a treaty with Khosrow, who had great confidence in him.<ref name=ODB/>
Pope [[Gregory the Great]] wrote at least three letters to Domitian (August 593, 1 June 595 and September or October 598). In the testament that Maurice had drawn up in 596 or 597, which was only discovered in the reign of [[Heraclius]], Domitian was named guardian of the emperor's children.<ref name=PLRE/> In 598 or 599, at Domitian's request, Maurice authorized him to persecute the Monophysites in the vicinity of Melitene.<ref name=PLRE/><ref name=PA/> This persecution was probably not too severe, since the Monophysites later came to regard Maurice as a saint<!--"the persecution cannot have attained significant proportions, for Maurice nonetheless was awarded the accolade of sainthood by the monophysite tradition"-->,<ref name=PA/> but Monophysite sources—the ''[[Chronicle of 724]]'', the ''[[Chronicle of 819]]'', the ''Chronicle of 1234'', Michael the Syrian and [[Bar Hebraeus]]—are universally hostile to Domitian, accusing him of seizing all their churches in northern [[Mesopotamia]] and [[Roman Syria|Syria]].<ref name=PLRE/><ref name=ODB/> He deposed [[Thomas of Harqel]] from the see of [[Mabbug]], forcing him into exile in the [[Enaton]].<ref>[[William H. P. Hatch]], "The Subscription in the Chester Beatty Manuscript of the Harclean Gospels", ''The Harvard Theological Review'' '''30''', 3 (1937), p. 143. </ref> By contrast, the Chalcedonian bishop [[Eulogius of Alexandria]] dedicated on of his theological works to Domitian.<ref name=PLRE/> He is also remembered for trying to convert local [[Zoroastrians]].<ref name=TBS/>
According to [[Theophanes the Confessor]], Domitian died on 12 January 602 and was buried in the [[Church of the Holy Apostles]] in Constantinople.<ref name=PLRE/> Other sources give his date of death as 10 January and that is the day of his celebration in the Chalcedonian churches, who regard him as a saint.<ref name=ODB/> He is in the revised ''[[Roman Martyrology]]'' (2004), but not in the ''[[General Roman Calendar]]''.<ref name=TBS/>
==References==
[[Category:6th-century births]]
[[Category:602 deaths]]
[[Category:Justinian dynasty]]
[[Category:6th-century bishops]]
[[Category:7th-century bishops]]
[[Category:7th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:Saints from Roman Anatolia]]
[[Category:Byzantine saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church]]
[[Category:People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars]]
[[Category:Byzantine diplomats]]
from Wikipedia - New pages [en] https://ift.tt/3mZQf4G
via IFTTT
No comments:
Post a Comment