Tildemanana: Added article from Afrikaans Wikipedia on a South African entrepreneur
'''Max Sonnenberg''' ([[Kaiserslautern]], [[Palatinate]], May 3, 1879 - [[Muizenberg]], [[Cape Province]], October 28, 1955) was a businessman, politician, and [[Jewish]] community leader.
== Background and life in Vryburg ==
Sonnenberg was the only son of Louis Sonnenberg and his wife, Mathilde Struass. Two of his uncles, Charles and Isaac (Ikey) emigrated to [[Griqualand West]] to join the early [[diamond mining]] industry there, and Max's father, a teacher, and his family persuaded him to follow their example in 1891. Charles was elected to the [[Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope]] in 1896. Louis's family first lived in the village of [[Madibogo]], where he managed a two-room hotel in partnership with S. Solomon & Co. They later moved to [[Vryburg]], where Louis owned a store. After a time working as a traveling salesman along the railways being built through [[Bechuanaland]] and [[Rhodesia]], Sonnenberg opened a grocery in [[Bulawayo]] in 1898.
After the [[Second Boer War]], he returned to Vryburg, where he farmed and continued to grow his mercantile career; he served as mayor of the town (1919-20) after being elected to the city council in 1912. He was a founder of Bechuanaland Dairies, which was later acquired by Royal Dairy Ltd. He persuaded the city to spend £40,000 to build a reservoir to mitigate chronic water shortages. During the 1918 [[Spanish flu]] pandemic, he contributed money to the Vryburg Hospital to buy equipment, for which he was later compensated unexpectedly, and built a soup kitchen in which he and his wife both worked.
== In Cape Town ==
IN 1920, Sonnenberg moved to [[Cape Town]], where he became chairman of the Cape Chamber of Commerce & Industry and founded a number of important companies. In 1931, he founded [[Woolworths Holdings Limited|Woolworths (Edms.) Beperk]], one of [[South Africa]]'s first and most successful store chains, and remained its chairman and manager until his death.<ref></ref> His friend Eli Susman helped manage the stores in [[Transvaal]]. Max's son, Richard, who was later named governor of the [[University of Tel Aviv]], succeeded his father as chairman of Woolworths and forged an agreement with British store chain [[Marks & Spencer]] to sell Woolworths' merchandise on an expanded basis. (According to another source, it was Max himself who signed a different agreement in 1947.)
== Public service ==
Sonnenberg had a long and remarkable career in public life: From 1919 to 1921, he represented Bechuanaland in the [[Parliament of South Africa]] as a member of the [[South African Party]]; afterwards (1925-1938), he was a member of the [[Cape Province]] provincial council. In 1938, he returned to Parliament as a [[United Party (South Africa)|United Party]] representative for the constituency of Suid-Skiereiland, in which capacity he served until 1949, when he retired from politics. During his second tenure in Parliament, Sonnenberg mainly focused on commercial and industrial issues. He chaired a select committee whose proposal for a federal takeover of provincial fisheries was adopted.
After he settled in Muizenberg and began representing a constituency on the coast, he became greatly interested in marine issues and offered his help to the fishers of [[False Bay]]. He served on a parliamentary commission that considered the founding of a maritime college and contributed a significant sum of money toward setting up such a school. However, nothing came of the project.
== Contributions to Jewish life ==
Concerned about the takeover of the [[Nazi Party]] in Germany and its persecution of his co-religionists in [[Central Europe]], Sonnenberg campaigned heavily to resettle several thousand [[German Jews]] in South Africa in the 1930's. He also unsuccessfully negotiated with the [[France|French]] premier, [[Leon Blum]], on the [[Madagascar Plan]] to evacuate Jews there. A staunch [[Zionist]], Sonnenberg actively raised money to support those living in [[Mandatory Palestine]] and later [[Israel]], and he founded the club and community center Rosecourt for Jewish youth in the suburb of [[Gardens, Cape Town]].
His autobiography, ''The Way I Saw It'', was published posthumously in Cape Town in 1957, and contains lively passages on Sonnenberg's early career in Rhodesia and Bechuanaland (now [[Botswana]]), and includes information about his relationship with political leaders such as Gen. [[J. B. M. Hertzog]], Gen. [[Jan Smuts]], and Dr. [[D.F. Malan]], as well as his tireless attempts to fight Nazi influence in South Africa. Sonnenberg's great admiration of Smuts reached its apex in the Max Sonnenberg University Trust, through which South African students of all races earned Field Marshal Smuts Scholarships. The Trust has since stablished the Max Sonnenberg Chair of Marine Geoscience at the [[University of Cape Town]].
== Family life ==
Sonnenberg's marriage in 1906 to Lillie Isaacs (1887-1963), daughter of Samuel Isaacs of the [[JSE Limited|Johannesburg Stock Exchange]], produced five children, a son named Richard (born in 1907) and four daughters. His son succeeded him as chairman of Woolworths and continued to hold that job for many years.
== Sources ==
* (en) Schamberger, Paul (ed.). 2004. ''Jewish Life in the South African Country Communities'', vol. II. Johannesburg: South African Friends of Beth Hatefutsoth.
* (af) Beyers, C.J. (chief ed.). 1981. ''[[Suid-Afrikaanse Biografiese Woordeboek]]'', vol. IV. Durban: Butterworth & Kie (Edms) Bpk.
== References ==
[[Category:South African politicians]]
[[Category:South African businesspeople]]
[[Category;South African Jews]]
== Background and life in Vryburg ==
Sonnenberg was the only son of Louis Sonnenberg and his wife, Mathilde Struass. Two of his uncles, Charles and Isaac (Ikey) emigrated to [[Griqualand West]] to join the early [[diamond mining]] industry there, and Max's father, a teacher, and his family persuaded him to follow their example in 1891. Charles was elected to the [[Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope]] in 1896. Louis's family first lived in the village of [[Madibogo]], where he managed a two-room hotel in partnership with S. Solomon & Co. They later moved to [[Vryburg]], where Louis owned a store. After a time working as a traveling salesman along the railways being built through [[Bechuanaland]] and [[Rhodesia]], Sonnenberg opened a grocery in [[Bulawayo]] in 1898.
After the [[Second Boer War]], he returned to Vryburg, where he farmed and continued to grow his mercantile career; he served as mayor of the town (1919-20) after being elected to the city council in 1912. He was a founder of Bechuanaland Dairies, which was later acquired by Royal Dairy Ltd. He persuaded the city to spend £40,000 to build a reservoir to mitigate chronic water shortages. During the 1918 [[Spanish flu]] pandemic, he contributed money to the Vryburg Hospital to buy equipment, for which he was later compensated unexpectedly, and built a soup kitchen in which he and his wife both worked.
== In Cape Town ==
IN 1920, Sonnenberg moved to [[Cape Town]], where he became chairman of the Cape Chamber of Commerce & Industry and founded a number of important companies. In 1931, he founded [[Woolworths Holdings Limited|Woolworths (Edms.) Beperk]], one of [[South Africa]]'s first and most successful store chains, and remained its chairman and manager until his death.<ref></ref> His friend Eli Susman helped manage the stores in [[Transvaal]]. Max's son, Richard, who was later named governor of the [[University of Tel Aviv]], succeeded his father as chairman of Woolworths and forged an agreement with British store chain [[Marks & Spencer]] to sell Woolworths' merchandise on an expanded basis. (According to another source, it was Max himself who signed a different agreement in 1947.)
== Public service ==
Sonnenberg had a long and remarkable career in public life: From 1919 to 1921, he represented Bechuanaland in the [[Parliament of South Africa]] as a member of the [[South African Party]]; afterwards (1925-1938), he was a member of the [[Cape Province]] provincial council. In 1938, he returned to Parliament as a [[United Party (South Africa)|United Party]] representative for the constituency of Suid-Skiereiland, in which capacity he served until 1949, when he retired from politics. During his second tenure in Parliament, Sonnenberg mainly focused on commercial and industrial issues. He chaired a select committee whose proposal for a federal takeover of provincial fisheries was adopted.
After he settled in Muizenberg and began representing a constituency on the coast, he became greatly interested in marine issues and offered his help to the fishers of [[False Bay]]. He served on a parliamentary commission that considered the founding of a maritime college and contributed a significant sum of money toward setting up such a school. However, nothing came of the project.
== Contributions to Jewish life ==
Concerned about the takeover of the [[Nazi Party]] in Germany and its persecution of his co-religionists in [[Central Europe]], Sonnenberg campaigned heavily to resettle several thousand [[German Jews]] in South Africa in the 1930's. He also unsuccessfully negotiated with the [[France|French]] premier, [[Leon Blum]], on the [[Madagascar Plan]] to evacuate Jews there. A staunch [[Zionist]], Sonnenberg actively raised money to support those living in [[Mandatory Palestine]] and later [[Israel]], and he founded the club and community center Rosecourt for Jewish youth in the suburb of [[Gardens, Cape Town]].
His autobiography, ''The Way I Saw It'', was published posthumously in Cape Town in 1957, and contains lively passages on Sonnenberg's early career in Rhodesia and Bechuanaland (now [[Botswana]]), and includes information about his relationship with political leaders such as Gen. [[J. B. M. Hertzog]], Gen. [[Jan Smuts]], and Dr. [[D.F. Malan]], as well as his tireless attempts to fight Nazi influence in South Africa. Sonnenberg's great admiration of Smuts reached its apex in the Max Sonnenberg University Trust, through which South African students of all races earned Field Marshal Smuts Scholarships. The Trust has since stablished the Max Sonnenberg Chair of Marine Geoscience at the [[University of Cape Town]].
== Family life ==
Sonnenberg's marriage in 1906 to Lillie Isaacs (1887-1963), daughter of Samuel Isaacs of the [[JSE Limited|Johannesburg Stock Exchange]], produced five children, a son named Richard (born in 1907) and four daughters. His son succeeded him as chairman of Woolworths and continued to hold that job for many years.
== Sources ==
* (en) Schamberger, Paul (ed.). 2004. ''Jewish Life in the South African Country Communities'', vol. II. Johannesburg: South African Friends of Beth Hatefutsoth.
* (af) Beyers, C.J. (chief ed.). 1981. ''[[Suid-Afrikaanse Biografiese Woordeboek]]'', vol. IV. Durban: Butterworth & Kie (Edms) Bpk.
== References ==
[[Category:South African politicians]]
[[Category:South African businesspeople]]
[[Category;South African Jews]]
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