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'''Micromobility''' is a category of [[Mode of transport|modes of transport]] that are provided by very light vehicles such as [[Scooter-sharing system|electric scooters]], [[Electric skateboard|electric skateboards]], [[Bicycle-sharing system|shared bicycles]] and electric pedal assisted, [[pedelec]], bicycles.'''
The primary condition for inclusion in the category is a [[Gross vehicle weight rating|gross vehicle weight]] of less than 500 kg. Additional conditions are the provision of a motor, primary utility use, and availability as a shared service.
== History ==
The term invokes a transition similar to that of [[Microcomputer|microcomputing]] where the miniaturization of transport modes for short journeys parallels the miniaturization of microcomputers for personal use. The term was coined by renowned business and technology analyst [[Horace Dediu]], in a speech he delivered in 2017 at the Micromobility Summit in the Techfestival event in Copenhagen<ref></ref>.
== Characteristics ==
Implementations of micromobility in practice arose in the late 2010s as a solution to the 'last mile' of personal transportation, particularly in congested urban areas. Rather than use existing modes, a user would join a micromobility sharing network to be able to ride distances typically less than one mile. Early services specified locations, or [[Bicycle-sharing system|docks]], where vehicles needed to be picked up and left, but the second generation of sharing services employed a [[Bicycle-sharing system#Dockless bikes|dockless]] model in which vehicles can be left anywhere or within a [[Geo-fence|geo-fenced]] area. Micromobility has been instrumental in what is known as the unbundling of the automobile, or the availability of personal shared vehicles designed for short journeys.
While the vehicles had long been available for users to purchase, it was the [[Servitization of products business model|servitization]] of these modes of transportation, allowing users to use the nearest micromobility vehicle without having to purchase, bring with them or secure safely when not in use, that led to the unprecedented growth<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> of this practice in areas where it was available. This growth has reduced usage of personal automobiles and, in concert with the financial opportunities, has led to global automakers such as Ford and GM to invest in a variety of micromobility services.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Megacities in China were where dockless bike sharing first took off<ref></ref> and although it began with traditional, non-electric, bicycles, it served as the template for what would be possible with electrically-powered and motorized scooters, skateboards and bicycles. The availability or relatively inexpensive batteries, displays and GPS receivers, enabled by the smartphone supply chains, provided easily accessible components for dockless services worldwide.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
== Popularity and reception ==
Considered the fastest adoption of technology, the speed of this diffusion has not come without growing pains. Some cities were caught off guard with the sudden influx of dockless vehicles, but in short order many cities had created a regulatory framework that would permit these services to more seamlessly integrate with existing transportation<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>. As operators, users and municipalities have found an equilibrium and the benefits of micromobility have become apparent<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (2 for 1)</ref>, other cities have begun to actively engage with operators in order to bring this mode of transport to their citizens.
== Classification ==
Within the [[Vehicle category|EU vehicle categorization]] micromobility vehicles fall under the L category, and are excluded from the M, N, O and higher categories.
== References ==
The primary condition for inclusion in the category is a [[Gross vehicle weight rating|gross vehicle weight]] of less than 500 kg. Additional conditions are the provision of a motor, primary utility use, and availability as a shared service.
== History ==
The term invokes a transition similar to that of [[Microcomputer|microcomputing]] where the miniaturization of transport modes for short journeys parallels the miniaturization of microcomputers for personal use. The term was coined by renowned business and technology analyst [[Horace Dediu]], in a speech he delivered in 2017 at the Micromobility Summit in the Techfestival event in Copenhagen<ref></ref>.
== Characteristics ==
Implementations of micromobility in practice arose in the late 2010s as a solution to the 'last mile' of personal transportation, particularly in congested urban areas. Rather than use existing modes, a user would join a micromobility sharing network to be able to ride distances typically less than one mile. Early services specified locations, or [[Bicycle-sharing system|docks]], where vehicles needed to be picked up and left, but the second generation of sharing services employed a [[Bicycle-sharing system#Dockless bikes|dockless]] model in which vehicles can be left anywhere or within a [[Geo-fence|geo-fenced]] area. Micromobility has been instrumental in what is known as the unbundling of the automobile, or the availability of personal shared vehicles designed for short journeys.
While the vehicles had long been available for users to purchase, it was the [[Servitization of products business model|servitization]] of these modes of transportation, allowing users to use the nearest micromobility vehicle without having to purchase, bring with them or secure safely when not in use, that led to the unprecedented growth<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> of this practice in areas where it was available. This growth has reduced usage of personal automobiles and, in concert with the financial opportunities, has led to global automakers such as Ford and GM to invest in a variety of micromobility services.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Megacities in China were where dockless bike sharing first took off<ref></ref> and although it began with traditional, non-electric, bicycles, it served as the template for what would be possible with electrically-powered and motorized scooters, skateboards and bicycles. The availability or relatively inexpensive batteries, displays and GPS receivers, enabled by the smartphone supply chains, provided easily accessible components for dockless services worldwide.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
== Popularity and reception ==
Considered the fastest adoption of technology, the speed of this diffusion has not come without growing pains. Some cities were caught off guard with the sudden influx of dockless vehicles, but in short order many cities had created a regulatory framework that would permit these services to more seamlessly integrate with existing transportation<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>. As operators, users and municipalities have found an equilibrium and the benefits of micromobility have become apparent<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (2 for 1)</ref>, other cities have begun to actively engage with operators in order to bring this mode of transport to their citizens.
== Classification ==
Within the [[Vehicle category|EU vehicle categorization]] micromobility vehicles fall under the L category, and are excluded from the M, N, O and higher categories.
== References ==
from Wikipedia - New pages [en] http://bit.ly/2XeiyPr
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