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'''Climate of the [[Ryazan Oblast]]''' is moderatly continental with warm summer and moderately cold winter. The average monthly temperature of the coldest month is January -11.0 ° С in the northeast and -10.5 ° С in the south-west of the region. The average monthly temperature of the warmest month - July - in the north of the region is + 18.8 ° С, in the south - + 20 ° С. The period of active growing season increases from north to south, from 137 days to 149.
{|
! colspan="2" |'''Climate of the Ryazan Oblast'''
|-
| colspan="2" |<small>'''TEMPERATURE'''</small>
|-
|'''The average annual temperature, ° C'''
| +3.9 ° C - +4.6 ° C
|-
|'''Maximum, ° C'''
| +41 ° C
|-
|'''Minimum, ° C'''
| - 45 ° C
|}
The average duration of the frost-free period is 130-149 days. Late spring and early autumn frosts are frequent in the region. Ryazan region is located in the zone of sufficient moisture. Annual precipitation in the area up to 500 mm. Rains in the summer period are predominantly storm character, sometimes with hail.
A steady snow cover is formed in late November - early December and collapses in late March - early April. The number of days with snow cover is 135-145 per year. The height of the snow cover reaches 25-38 cm by the end of winter, in some winters - up to 62 cm.
Climatic conditions are favorable for agricultural production. Winter and spring grain crops, technical and fodder crops are fully provided with heat and moisture.
Ryazan Oblast is located in the temperate climate zone, is moderately continental with warm summers and moderately cold winters. Regional climatic conditions are determined by the amount of solar radiation, the characteristics of the circulation of air masses, the nature of the underlying surface, and in some areas and human activities.
The magnitude of the total solar radiation entering the surface of the earth within the region increases from north to south from 90 to 95 kcal / cm-to. The radiation balance varies accordingly from 33 to 35 kcal / cm-to. In winter, the radiation balance is negative, since the surface of the earth gives off more heat than it receives. The average temperature of the coldest month - January - decreases from west to east from -10.5 ° C in the Mikhailov region to -12 ° C on the border with the Republic of Mordovia. The January isotherms, as well as on the Russian plain as a whole, are elongated in the meridional direction. This is due to the fact that, with a negative radiation balance in winter, warmth to the Russian Plain is carried out from the Atlantic. It is characteristic that in the southwestern, most elevated part of the region, the average January temperatures are relatively lowered, down to -11 ° С -11.2 ° С. The effect of lowering the temperature is associated with altitude. On average, temperature with altitude decreases by 0.6 ° C for every 100 m.
The average temperature of the warmest month — July — rises from the north-west to the southeast from +18.5 ° C to +19.5 ° C. For most of the area and it is +19.0 ° C - +19.2 ° C. The lowest values of average July temperatures, as in January, are observed in a relatively elevated south-western part of the region, which is associated with a decrease in temperature with altitude.
The average annual temperature is positive. In the northern areas of the region, it is slightly below +4 ° C (in Elatme +3.9 ° C), in the south more than +4 ° C (in Ryazhsk +4.6 ° C). The duration of the frost-free period is on average from 134 days in the northern part of the region to 150 days in the south. In some areas, depending on local conditions, there may be deviations from characteristic means. So, in Ryazan, located in the northwestern part of the region, the frost-free period is 155 days, and in the located 100 km south of Ryazhsk it is 143 days.
Due to the position of the Russian Plain in the temperate zone, the region is characterized by a general transfer of air masses from west to east. At the same time, not only the temperate marine air (MUV) from the Atlantic, but also the arctic sea air (MAV) from the Barents Sea and tropical air from the Mediterranean Sea and Central Asia come to the center of the Russian Plain. The wind direction in the surface layer varies widely, which is associated with the seasonal change in the position of areas with high and low pressure and the movement of cyclones and anticyclones.
In winter, when the pressure is relatively low over the Barents Sea, and increased in the south of the Russian Plain, the winds of the southern points of the south dominate in the Ryazan region (48% of the number of observations without calms). The westerly and northwesterly winds are quite characteristic (24%).
In summer, due to the loss of air mass over the continent, in the western sector of the Arctic, the pressure is higher than over the Russian Plain. On the territory of the region at this time, the westerly, northwesterly and northerly winds are the most repeated gyo. The arrival of relatively colder air from the Atlantic and from the Arctic leads to a cooling of the surface. The arrival of MAH takes place in the rear parts of cyclones and is accompanied by an increase in atmospheric pressure and the termination of precipitation. MAH is quickly warmed and transformed into continental temperate air (EAS). With a relatively rarer inflow of tropical air from the southeast of the Russian Plain, there is a significant increase in temperature up to +30 ° C and higher and a decrease in relative humidity of air to 30% and below.
The main part of the moisture in the air masses arriving in the Ryazan region is advective, the lesser (about 10%) is the result of evaporation from the surface. The main supplier of moisture - MUV, coming from the Atlantic. About 70% of precipitation falls in the warm period - from April to October, with most of them north of the Oka Valley. In the south of the region, the amount of precipitation of the warm period decreases to 300 mm or less. The exception is the south-western part of the region, where the amount of precipitation of the warm period reaches 350 mm or more. Here, as in the case of air temperature, the relief factor is affected. The surface height here is 50–60 m higher than the plain located to the east of Oksko-Donskou, and precipitation is 50–60 mm higher.
In winter, snow cover is formed throughout the region. The average precipitation for the cold period (from November to April) ranges from 120 to 160 mm. A steady snow cover is formed at the end of November and lasts until the end of March, sometimes until the second decade of April, i.e. from 145 days to the north to 136 days in the south. By the end of winter its thickness reaches 0.3-0.5 m.
The annual precipitation in the territory of the region ranges from 600 mm in the northern part and in the elevated south-west to 500 mm and less in the south. In Ryazan, an average of 500 mm of precipitation falls annually. In some years there may be more or less. Precipitation is a prerequisite for wetting the surface. However, the degree of moisture is determined not only by their quantity, but also by the ratio of the amount of precipitation and evaporation. When the precipitation exceeds the evaporation, the moisture content is excessive, with the inverse ratio being insufficient. The northern part of our region, located on the left bank of the Oka and on the right bank of the Moksha, is characterized by excessive moisture. South of Ryazan (approximately south of 54 ° 30 ′ N) humidification becomes insufficient. The exception is the south-western elevated part of the region, where the coefficient of moistening is about 1.
In the Ryazan region, as elsewhere in the temperate zone, vegetation is most active when daily temperatures are above + 10 ° C. Photosynthesis reaches its maximum at a temperature of +20 ° C - +25 ° C. The duration of the period of active vegetation in the area increases from north to south from 134 to 145 - 147 days. In the north, the transition of average daily temperatures through +10 ° C in spring occurs by the end of the first decade of May, in the fall - by the end of the second decade of September, in the south, respectively, May 2-5 and September 25-28. The sum of average daily temperatures above +10 ° C (the sum of “active” temperatures) increases from north to south from 2155 ° C (Tuma) to 2355 ° C (Ryazhsk). In the southwestern elevated part of the region, the sum of active temperatures is relatively lowered (Pavelets -2165 ° С).
As elsewhere in the temperate zone, the seasons of the year are clearly expressed in the region.
== General characteristics ==
The climate of the Ryazan region is moderately continental in nature, not characterized by extreme and abrupt changes in values. The geographical position, the flat terrain, the impact of the Asian and Azores anticyclones and the Icelandic cyclone allow air masses of various origins to penetrate into the plains of the region . Air from the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans , as well as from the Mediterranean Sea and Central Asia, penetrates the region . All this makes the climate of the region balanced, with a moderately cold winter and hot summer .
The relief influences the formation of microclimatic conditions of watersheds , ravines and beams - in spring and autumn cold air stagnates longer in these places. To some extent, vegetation also influences the climate - in forest areas air humidity is much higher than in forest-steppe ones.
Dry years , frequent winter thaws and sleet , early spring and late autumn frosts , thunderstorms and strong winds in the warm season are characteristic of the Ryazan Region .
== Sun exposure ==
=== Sunshine ===
Sunshine is the illumination of the earth’s surface by the direct rays of the sun, not covered by dense clouds from us. Ryazan region refers to the area receiving a sufficient amount of sunlight. The highest percentage of sunshine is in July, the smallest - in December. On average, the year has 1850-1900 hours with the sun.
The table shows the average long-term values of sunshine over the Ryazan region in hours, days and percentages by months and per year for the northernmost meteorological station in Elatme, and the southernmost in Pavelets. Duration of sunshine is calculated by direct calculation for the entire observation period.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="15" |Sunshine by month and year <sup>[1]</sup>
|-
!Month
!Station
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sen
!Oct
!But I
!Dec
!Year
|-
! rowspan="2" |Duration shines h
!Elatma
!46
!81
!130
!204
!262
!296
!283
!240
!166
!87
!41
!23
!1859
|-
!Pavelets
!59
!91
!128
!174
!242
!279
!268
!235
!170
!102
!48
!28
!1824
|-
! rowspan="2" |Deviation of the observed
duration to the possible%
!Elatma
!nineteen
!thirty
!36
!48
!53
!57
!55
!52
!43
!27
!sixteen
!ten
!41
|-
!Pavelets
!24
!33
!35
!41
!49
!55
!52
!51
!44
!31
!nineteen
!12
!41
|-
! rowspan="2" |Average duration of
shine per day, h
!Elatma
!3.5
!5.1
!5.9
!7,8
!9.0
!10.2
!9.4
!8.3
!6.4
!4.4
!3.7
!2.9
!7.2
|-
!Pavelets
!3.7
!5.7
!6.1
!7.0
!8.3
!9.6
!8.9
!8.1
!6.3
!4.6
!3.7
!3.1
!6.9
|-
! rowspan="2" |The number of days without sun
!Elatma
!18
!12
!9
!four
!2
!one
!one
!2
!four
!eleven
!nineteen
!23
!106
|-
!Pavelets
!15
!12
!ten
!five
!2
!one
!one
!2
!3
!9
!17
!22
!99
|}
=== Solar radiation ===
Geographic latitude determines the amount of heat and light entering the earth's surface - solar radiation . The Ryazan region receives an average of 88 kcal of radiation per 1 cm² of horizontal surface per year. This figure ranges from 72 kcal in the north of the region, to 95 in the south. 62% of radiation incident on the earth’s surface is absorbed, 38% is reflected into the atmosphere .
=== Duration of daylight ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="13" |The true time of sunrise and sunset and the longitude of the day <sup>[2]</sup>
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sen
!Oct
!But I
!Dec
|-
!Sunrise
!8:02
!7:08
!6:08
!5:01
!4:03
!3:28
!3:42
!4:32
!5:37
!6:41
!7:42
!8:16
|-
!Sunset
!15:58
!16:52
!17:52
!18:59
!19:57
!20:32
!20:18
!19:28
!18:23
!17:19
!16:18
!15:44
|-
!Longitude of the day
!Four to six
!9:44
!11:14
!13:58
!15:54
!17:04
!17:24
!15:04
!13:14
!11:22
!9:24
!7:28
|}
The table shows the actual time of sunrise and sunset the sun , calculated for the weather station Pawelec on the 15th of each month. During the true sunrise and sunset, the emergence (disappearance) of the upper edge of the solar disk behind the horizon line is taken, and the twilight shine (the sun's rays reflected from the atmosphere) is not taken into account .
The actual (observed by man) time of the appearance or disappearance of the sun depends on the profile of the horizon line and the relief of a certain area. For example, in the Meshchersky lowland , due to the abundance of forests, the observed longitude of the day may be slightly less, while in the forest-steppe zone of the region and on the hills - more.
== Temperature ==
=== Air temperature ===
The main elements characterizing climate are temperature and precipitation. The average annual temperature in the region ranges from 3.9 ° C (in the north, in Elatme ) to +4.6 ° C (in the south, in Ryazhsk ). The average monthly temperature in January is −11.5 ° С (in the south-east) and −10.5 ° С (in the south-west). The absolute minimum of −45 ° С was registered in 1940 in the working village of Tuma . The average monthly temperature in July is +18.8 ° С (in the north), +20 ° С (in the south). The maximum temperature was +41 ° С in the city of Ryazk on August 5, 2010. Thus, Ryazhsk can be called the warmest city in the region, and the settlement Tuma - the coldest.
The period of active growing seasons of plants increases from north to south from 144 to 152 days, the average duration of the frost-free period : 130-149 days, the duration of the heating season is about 212 days. In the region, early spring and late autumn frosts are frequent. In recent decades, there has been a tendency for temperature to increase in January and April.
=== Water temperature ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="15" |The water temperature in the Oka at Ryazan
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sen
!Oct
!But I
!Dec
!Year
|-
!Month
!-
!-
!2
!five
!14
!nineteen
!20
!18
!13
!6
!2
!-
!99
|}
The average annual water temperature in the rivers of the Ryazan region is +18 +20 ° С. It increases from north to south by 1-3 degrees. The average water temperature in lakes and ponds is slightly higher than in rivers.<center>
Water freezing occurs in late November and early December, when the average daily temperature drops below zero. A steady ice cover on the rivers, suitable for the construction of ice crossings and winter roads, is usually formed by the beginning of January, but in warm winters it can be formed only by the middle of February, or not established at all. The average number of days with steady freezing is 110 days.
The opening of the water begins in the first half of April, but it can [[Geography of Ryazan Oblast|occur]] in the last weeks of March. The official swimming season in the area starts from the first week of June.
The coefficient of variation of hydrometeorological characteristics for some rivers of the Ryazan region, measured according to the data of two meteorological posts - Elat'ma for the northern rivers, Pavelets - for the southern.
</center>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="15" |The coefficient of variation for some rivers of the Ryazan region . <sup>[3]</sup>
|-
!Indicator
!Oka
!Istia
!Pronya
!Pet
!Moksha
!Goose
|-
!Drain module
|19.7%
|20.3%
|44.0%
|43.5%
|39%
|29.5%
|-
!Pools
! colspan="3" |South Pool
! colspan="3" |North Pool
|-
!Precipitation
| colspan="3" |16.67%
| colspan="3" |16.61%
|}
== See also ==
* [[Geography of Ryazan Oblast]]
== External links ==
[http://bit.ly/2J7CVL1 Government of the Ryazan Oblast: Geographical Characheristics]
[http://bit.ly/2Jg9Agm Roshydrometeocenter: Climate of Ryazan Oblast]
[http://bit.ly/2J7CWP5 Nature of the Ryazan Oblast: Climate]
[http://bit.ly/2JjktOv Ryazan Oblast: Climate]
{|
! colspan="2" |'''Climate of the Ryazan Oblast'''
|-
| colspan="2" |<small>'''TEMPERATURE'''</small>
|-
|'''The average annual temperature, ° C'''
| +3.9 ° C - +4.6 ° C
|-
|'''Maximum, ° C'''
| +41 ° C
|-
|'''Minimum, ° C'''
| - 45 ° C
|}
The average duration of the frost-free period is 130-149 days. Late spring and early autumn frosts are frequent in the region. Ryazan region is located in the zone of sufficient moisture. Annual precipitation in the area up to 500 mm. Rains in the summer period are predominantly storm character, sometimes with hail.
A steady snow cover is formed in late November - early December and collapses in late March - early April. The number of days with snow cover is 135-145 per year. The height of the snow cover reaches 25-38 cm by the end of winter, in some winters - up to 62 cm.
Climatic conditions are favorable for agricultural production. Winter and spring grain crops, technical and fodder crops are fully provided with heat and moisture.
Ryazan Oblast is located in the temperate climate zone, is moderately continental with warm summers and moderately cold winters. Regional climatic conditions are determined by the amount of solar radiation, the characteristics of the circulation of air masses, the nature of the underlying surface, and in some areas and human activities.
The magnitude of the total solar radiation entering the surface of the earth within the region increases from north to south from 90 to 95 kcal / cm-to. The radiation balance varies accordingly from 33 to 35 kcal / cm-to. In winter, the radiation balance is negative, since the surface of the earth gives off more heat than it receives. The average temperature of the coldest month - January - decreases from west to east from -10.5 ° C in the Mikhailov region to -12 ° C on the border with the Republic of Mordovia. The January isotherms, as well as on the Russian plain as a whole, are elongated in the meridional direction. This is due to the fact that, with a negative radiation balance in winter, warmth to the Russian Plain is carried out from the Atlantic. It is characteristic that in the southwestern, most elevated part of the region, the average January temperatures are relatively lowered, down to -11 ° С -11.2 ° С. The effect of lowering the temperature is associated with altitude. On average, temperature with altitude decreases by 0.6 ° C for every 100 m.
The average temperature of the warmest month — July — rises from the north-west to the southeast from +18.5 ° C to +19.5 ° C. For most of the area and it is +19.0 ° C - +19.2 ° C. The lowest values of average July temperatures, as in January, are observed in a relatively elevated south-western part of the region, which is associated with a decrease in temperature with altitude.
The average annual temperature is positive. In the northern areas of the region, it is slightly below +4 ° C (in Elatme +3.9 ° C), in the south more than +4 ° C (in Ryazhsk +4.6 ° C). The duration of the frost-free period is on average from 134 days in the northern part of the region to 150 days in the south. In some areas, depending on local conditions, there may be deviations from characteristic means. So, in Ryazan, located in the northwestern part of the region, the frost-free period is 155 days, and in the located 100 km south of Ryazhsk it is 143 days.
Due to the position of the Russian Plain in the temperate zone, the region is characterized by a general transfer of air masses from west to east. At the same time, not only the temperate marine air (MUV) from the Atlantic, but also the arctic sea air (MAV) from the Barents Sea and tropical air from the Mediterranean Sea and Central Asia come to the center of the Russian Plain. The wind direction in the surface layer varies widely, which is associated with the seasonal change in the position of areas with high and low pressure and the movement of cyclones and anticyclones.
In winter, when the pressure is relatively low over the Barents Sea, and increased in the south of the Russian Plain, the winds of the southern points of the south dominate in the Ryazan region (48% of the number of observations without calms). The westerly and northwesterly winds are quite characteristic (24%).
In summer, due to the loss of air mass over the continent, in the western sector of the Arctic, the pressure is higher than over the Russian Plain. On the territory of the region at this time, the westerly, northwesterly and northerly winds are the most repeated gyo. The arrival of relatively colder air from the Atlantic and from the Arctic leads to a cooling of the surface. The arrival of MAH takes place in the rear parts of cyclones and is accompanied by an increase in atmospheric pressure and the termination of precipitation. MAH is quickly warmed and transformed into continental temperate air (EAS). With a relatively rarer inflow of tropical air from the southeast of the Russian Plain, there is a significant increase in temperature up to +30 ° C and higher and a decrease in relative humidity of air to 30% and below.
The main part of the moisture in the air masses arriving in the Ryazan region is advective, the lesser (about 10%) is the result of evaporation from the surface. The main supplier of moisture - MUV, coming from the Atlantic. About 70% of precipitation falls in the warm period - from April to October, with most of them north of the Oka Valley. In the south of the region, the amount of precipitation of the warm period decreases to 300 mm or less. The exception is the south-western part of the region, where the amount of precipitation of the warm period reaches 350 mm or more. Here, as in the case of air temperature, the relief factor is affected. The surface height here is 50–60 m higher than the plain located to the east of Oksko-Donskou, and precipitation is 50–60 mm higher.
In winter, snow cover is formed throughout the region. The average precipitation for the cold period (from November to April) ranges from 120 to 160 mm. A steady snow cover is formed at the end of November and lasts until the end of March, sometimes until the second decade of April, i.e. from 145 days to the north to 136 days in the south. By the end of winter its thickness reaches 0.3-0.5 m.
The annual precipitation in the territory of the region ranges from 600 mm in the northern part and in the elevated south-west to 500 mm and less in the south. In Ryazan, an average of 500 mm of precipitation falls annually. In some years there may be more or less. Precipitation is a prerequisite for wetting the surface. However, the degree of moisture is determined not only by their quantity, but also by the ratio of the amount of precipitation and evaporation. When the precipitation exceeds the evaporation, the moisture content is excessive, with the inverse ratio being insufficient. The northern part of our region, located on the left bank of the Oka and on the right bank of the Moksha, is characterized by excessive moisture. South of Ryazan (approximately south of 54 ° 30 ′ N) humidification becomes insufficient. The exception is the south-western elevated part of the region, where the coefficient of moistening is about 1.
In the Ryazan region, as elsewhere in the temperate zone, vegetation is most active when daily temperatures are above + 10 ° C. Photosynthesis reaches its maximum at a temperature of +20 ° C - +25 ° C. The duration of the period of active vegetation in the area increases from north to south from 134 to 145 - 147 days. In the north, the transition of average daily temperatures through +10 ° C in spring occurs by the end of the first decade of May, in the fall - by the end of the second decade of September, in the south, respectively, May 2-5 and September 25-28. The sum of average daily temperatures above +10 ° C (the sum of “active” temperatures) increases from north to south from 2155 ° C (Tuma) to 2355 ° C (Ryazhsk). In the southwestern elevated part of the region, the sum of active temperatures is relatively lowered (Pavelets -2165 ° С).
As elsewhere in the temperate zone, the seasons of the year are clearly expressed in the region.
== General characteristics ==
The climate of the Ryazan region is moderately continental in nature, not characterized by extreme and abrupt changes in values. The geographical position, the flat terrain, the impact of the Asian and Azores anticyclones and the Icelandic cyclone allow air masses of various origins to penetrate into the plains of the region . Air from the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans , as well as from the Mediterranean Sea and Central Asia, penetrates the region . All this makes the climate of the region balanced, with a moderately cold winter and hot summer .
The relief influences the formation of microclimatic conditions of watersheds , ravines and beams - in spring and autumn cold air stagnates longer in these places. To some extent, vegetation also influences the climate - in forest areas air humidity is much higher than in forest-steppe ones.
Dry years , frequent winter thaws and sleet , early spring and late autumn frosts , thunderstorms and strong winds in the warm season are characteristic of the Ryazan Region .
== Sun exposure ==
=== Sunshine ===
Sunshine is the illumination of the earth’s surface by the direct rays of the sun, not covered by dense clouds from us. Ryazan region refers to the area receiving a sufficient amount of sunlight. The highest percentage of sunshine is in July, the smallest - in December. On average, the year has 1850-1900 hours with the sun.
The table shows the average long-term values of sunshine over the Ryazan region in hours, days and percentages by months and per year for the northernmost meteorological station in Elatme, and the southernmost in Pavelets. Duration of sunshine is calculated by direct calculation for the entire observation period.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="15" |Sunshine by month and year <sup>[1]</sup>
|-
!Month
!Station
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sen
!Oct
!But I
!Dec
!Year
|-
! rowspan="2" |Duration shines h
!Elatma
!46
!81
!130
!204
!262
!296
!283
!240
!166
!87
!41
!23
!1859
|-
!Pavelets
!59
!91
!128
!174
!242
!279
!268
!235
!170
!102
!48
!28
!1824
|-
! rowspan="2" |Deviation of the observed
duration to the possible%
!Elatma
!nineteen
!thirty
!36
!48
!53
!57
!55
!52
!43
!27
!sixteen
!ten
!41
|-
!Pavelets
!24
!33
!35
!41
!49
!55
!52
!51
!44
!31
!nineteen
!12
!41
|-
! rowspan="2" |Average duration of
shine per day, h
!Elatma
!3.5
!5.1
!5.9
!7,8
!9.0
!10.2
!9.4
!8.3
!6.4
!4.4
!3.7
!2.9
!7.2
|-
!Pavelets
!3.7
!5.7
!6.1
!7.0
!8.3
!9.6
!8.9
!8.1
!6.3
!4.6
!3.7
!3.1
!6.9
|-
! rowspan="2" |The number of days without sun
!Elatma
!18
!12
!9
!four
!2
!one
!one
!2
!four
!eleven
!nineteen
!23
!106
|-
!Pavelets
!15
!12
!ten
!five
!2
!one
!one
!2
!3
!9
!17
!22
!99
|}
=== Solar radiation ===
Geographic latitude determines the amount of heat and light entering the earth's surface - solar radiation . The Ryazan region receives an average of 88 kcal of radiation per 1 cm² of horizontal surface per year. This figure ranges from 72 kcal in the north of the region, to 95 in the south. 62% of radiation incident on the earth’s surface is absorbed, 38% is reflected into the atmosphere .
=== Duration of daylight ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="13" |The true time of sunrise and sunset and the longitude of the day <sup>[2]</sup>
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sen
!Oct
!But I
!Dec
|-
!Sunrise
!8:02
!7:08
!6:08
!5:01
!4:03
!3:28
!3:42
!4:32
!5:37
!6:41
!7:42
!8:16
|-
!Sunset
!15:58
!16:52
!17:52
!18:59
!19:57
!20:32
!20:18
!19:28
!18:23
!17:19
!16:18
!15:44
|-
!Longitude of the day
!Four to six
!9:44
!11:14
!13:58
!15:54
!17:04
!17:24
!15:04
!13:14
!11:22
!9:24
!7:28
|}
The table shows the actual time of sunrise and sunset the sun , calculated for the weather station Pawelec on the 15th of each month. During the true sunrise and sunset, the emergence (disappearance) of the upper edge of the solar disk behind the horizon line is taken, and the twilight shine (the sun's rays reflected from the atmosphere) is not taken into account .
The actual (observed by man) time of the appearance or disappearance of the sun depends on the profile of the horizon line and the relief of a certain area. For example, in the Meshchersky lowland , due to the abundance of forests, the observed longitude of the day may be slightly less, while in the forest-steppe zone of the region and on the hills - more.
== Temperature ==
=== Air temperature ===
The main elements characterizing climate are temperature and precipitation. The average annual temperature in the region ranges from 3.9 ° C (in the north, in Elatme ) to +4.6 ° C (in the south, in Ryazhsk ). The average monthly temperature in January is −11.5 ° С (in the south-east) and −10.5 ° С (in the south-west). The absolute minimum of −45 ° С was registered in 1940 in the working village of Tuma . The average monthly temperature in July is +18.8 ° С (in the north), +20 ° С (in the south). The maximum temperature was +41 ° С in the city of Ryazk on August 5, 2010. Thus, Ryazhsk can be called the warmest city in the region, and the settlement Tuma - the coldest.
The period of active growing seasons of plants increases from north to south from 144 to 152 days, the average duration of the frost-free period : 130-149 days, the duration of the heating season is about 212 days. In the region, early spring and late autumn frosts are frequent. In recent decades, there has been a tendency for temperature to increase in January and April.
=== Water temperature ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="15" |The water temperature in the Oka at Ryazan
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sen
!Oct
!But I
!Dec
!Year
|-
!Month
!-
!-
!2
!five
!14
!nineteen
!20
!18
!13
!6
!2
!-
!99
|}
The average annual water temperature in the rivers of the Ryazan region is +18 +20 ° С. It increases from north to south by 1-3 degrees. The average water temperature in lakes and ponds is slightly higher than in rivers.<center>
Water freezing occurs in late November and early December, when the average daily temperature drops below zero. A steady ice cover on the rivers, suitable for the construction of ice crossings and winter roads, is usually formed by the beginning of January, but in warm winters it can be formed only by the middle of February, or not established at all. The average number of days with steady freezing is 110 days.
The opening of the water begins in the first half of April, but it can [[Geography of Ryazan Oblast|occur]] in the last weeks of March. The official swimming season in the area starts from the first week of June.
The coefficient of variation of hydrometeorological characteristics for some rivers of the Ryazan region, measured according to the data of two meteorological posts - Elat'ma for the northern rivers, Pavelets - for the southern.
</center>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="15" |The coefficient of variation for some rivers of the Ryazan region . <sup>[3]</sup>
|-
!Indicator
!Oka
!Istia
!Pronya
!Pet
!Moksha
!Goose
|-
!Drain module
|19.7%
|20.3%
|44.0%
|43.5%
|39%
|29.5%
|-
!Pools
! colspan="3" |South Pool
! colspan="3" |North Pool
|-
!Precipitation
| colspan="3" |16.67%
| colspan="3" |16.61%
|}
== See also ==
* [[Geography of Ryazan Oblast]]
== External links ==
[http://bit.ly/2J7CVL1 Government of the Ryazan Oblast: Geographical Characheristics]
[http://bit.ly/2Jg9Agm Roshydrometeocenter: Climate of Ryazan Oblast]
[http://bit.ly/2J7CWP5 Nature of the Ryazan Oblast: Climate]
[http://bit.ly/2JjktOv Ryazan Oblast: Climate]
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