Cobanyastigi: improved
The '''[[toponym]]s of Turkey''' result from the legacy left by several linguistic heritages: the [[Turkish language]] (spoken as first language by the majority of the population), the [[Greek language]], the [[Armenian language]], the [[Kurdish language]], the [[Laz language]] as well as several other languages once spoken widely in Turkey. Turkey’s place names range from those of unknown or unrecognizable origins to more clearly derivable [[onomastics]]. Many places have had their names changed throughout history as new language groups dominated the landbridge that present day Turkey is. A systematic turkification of place names was carried out when the worldwide wave of nationalism reached Turkey during the 20. century (main article: [[Geographical name changes in Turkey]]).
==Toponyms of Population centers in Turkey==
*[[Adana]]: from the [[Hittite Empire|Hittite]] <sup>URU</sup>''Adaniya'' of [[Kizzuwatna]],<ref>See, e.g., Sirekli Archaeological Project.</ref>, alternatives: related to the legendary character [[Danaus]], greek tribe [[Danaoi]], egyptian ennemy country ''Danaja'', [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean]] refugees ''Dananayim'' or ''Danuna'', and ''Da-na-vo'' (people living by the river), [[Scythians|Scythian]] nomad people.
*[[Adıyaman]]:
*[[Afyonkarahisar]]:
*[[Ağrı]]:
*[[Aksaray]]:
*[[Akyaka, Muğla]]:
*[[Alanya]]:
*[[Aliağa]]:
*[[Amasya]]:
*[[Anamur]]: from the [[Ancient Greek]] "Anemourion" (), [[Latinisation of names|Latinized]] as "Anemurium", meaning "[[windmill]]".<ref>[https://ift.tt/2tN6ojG ἀνεμούριον],
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus project</ref>
*[[Ankara]]: From the original ''Ánkyra'' (, <small></small> "[[anchor]]") in [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] and ''Ancyra'' in [[Latin]], ''Angora'' in many European languages and ''Engürü'' in [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]].
*[[Antakya]]:
*[[Antalya]]:
*[[Ardahan]]:
*[[Artvin]]:
*[[Aydın]]:
*[[Ayvalık]]:
*[[Balıkesir]]:
*[[Bartın]]:
*[[Batman]]:
*[[Bitlis]]:
*[[Bodrum]]:
*[[Bolu]]:
*[[Burdur]]:
*[[Burhaniye]]:
*[[Bursa]]:
*[[Çanakkale]]:
*[[Çankırı]]:
*[[Çeşme]]:
*[[Çorum]]:
*[[Datça]]:
*[[Denizli]]:
*[[Dikili]]:
*[[Diyarbakır]]:
*[[Doğubeyazıt]]:
*[[Düzce]]:
*[[Edirne]]:
*[[Edremit, Balıkesir]]:
*[[Enez]]:
*[[Erbaa]]:
*[[Erdek]]:
*[[Erzincan]]:
*[[Erzurum]]:
*[[Eskişehir]]:
*[[Fethiye]]:
*[[Gaziantep]]:
*[[Gebze]]:
*[[Gelibolu]]:
*[[Giresun]]:
*[[Göcek, Fethiye]]:
*[[Güllük]]:
*[[Gümüşhane]]:
*[[Hakkari]]:
*[[Iğdır]]: after a western Turkish clan called ''Iğdır'' that belonged to a branch of the [[Oghuz Turks]].<ref name="Iranica">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref></ref>
*[[İskenderun]]:
*[[Isparta]]:
*[[İstanbul]]: Derived from the [[Medieval Greek]] phrase (pronounced ), which means "to the city"<ref>Necdet Sakaoğlu (1993/94a): "İstanbul'un adları" ["The names of Istanbul"]. In: ''Dünden bugüne İstanbul ansiklopedisi'', ed. Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı, Istanbul.</ref>, how Constantinople was referred to as the only major city in the vicinity by the local Greeks.
*[[İzmit]]:
*[[İzmir]]: from original Greek name "Smyrna" and "Smyrne" (Σμύρνη)
*[[Kahramanmaraş]]:
*[[Kandıra]]:
*[[Karabük]]:
*[[Karaman]]:
*[[Kars]]:
*[[Kastamonu]]:
*[[Karataş]]:
*[[Kaş]]:
*[[Kayseri]]:
*[[Kazlıçeşme, Zeytinburnu]]: from the historic fountain () with a relief goose () figure below the fountain's inscription, which dates it back to [[Hijri year]] AH 953 (AD 1537).<ref name="z"></ref>
*[[Kilis]]:
*[[Kırklareli]]:
*[[Kirşehir]]:
*[[Kırıkkale]]:
*[[Konya]]:
*[[Kuşadası]]:
*[[Kütahya]]: From the original in Greek '''Kotyaion''', [[Latinisation of names|Latinized]] in Roman times as '''Cotyaeum'''.<ref>https://ift.tt/2Hd3ooE Catholic Encyclopaedia: Cotiaeum.</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
*[[Malatya]]: From the Hittite Malidiya (melid or milit which means "honey").
*[[Manisa]]: From ''Magnesia'' () the place where the original magnetic rocks came from.
*[[Mardin]]: From a [[Syriac language|Syriac]]/[[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic language]] name translating to "fortress" used as the Roman period name ''Marida'' (''Merida''),<ref></ref><ref>[https://ift.tt/2tO0EWQ Fraternité Chrétienne Sarthe-Orient, "Marida (Mardin)"] Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref> suggesting ''Mardin'' as a plural "fortresses".</ref>
*[[Marmara Ereğlisi]]: From name given 300 AD as '''Heraclea''' (Ἡράκλεια).
*[[Marmaris]]: From the Turkish word mermer, Greek màrmaron (marble) in reference to the rich deposits of marble in the region.
*[[Mersin]]: From Mersin Bey, a leader of the Oghuz Turks, a local clan named Mersinoğulları reported by [[Evliya Çelebi]]
*[[Milas]]: From ancient name (, Mylasa) associated with [[Lycians]]
*[[Muğla]]: From ancient name Mobolla
*[[Muş]]: From Mushki the ancient clan with clover as sign that built the original castle later demolished by [[Suleiman the Magnificent]]
*[[Nazilli]]: According to legend, the son of Aydın's governor in the Ottoman period, fell in love with a young woman from Pazarköy but was rejected by the girl's father. The young man later named the town Nazlı Ili (Nazlı's Hometown) after his loved one.
*[[Nevşehir]]: From Nev ('new'), and şehir ('city') i.e. 'New town' in Ottoman Turkish')
*[[Niğde]]: From [[Anahita]], Nakita or Nahita an ancient godess for fertility. Later (), Nakida, Nekide, Nîkde (1400)
*[[Ordu]]: From Ordu ('army') the 12000 strong army gathered at Eskipazar in 1396 by Hacı Emiroğlu Süleyman Bey to conquer Giresun.<ref>BAŞ Mithat, Ordu Yöresi Tarihi, Ordu Belediyesi Yayınları, Ordu 2012</ref>
*[[Osmaniye]]: Related to Osman
*[[Rize]]: From the original in Greek ρίζα (riza) or Ριζαίον (Rizaion)[citation needed], meaning "mountain slopes",ρίζα in Greek means root.
*[[Samsun]]: From the original in Greek: ''Amisos'' (Αμισός) by a [[Rebracketing#In_Greek|reinterpretation]] of ''eis Amison'' (meaning "to Amisos") and ''ounta'' (Greek suffix for place names) to ''eis Sampsunda'' (Σαμψούντα) and then Samsun<ref>[[Özhan Öztürk]]. [https://ift.tt/2tLovq1 Karadeniz: Ansiklopedik Sözlük (Blacksea: Encyclopedic Dictionary)] Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2). 2 Cilt (2 Volumes). Heyamola Publishing. Istanbul.2005 </ref> ().
*[[Şanlıurfa]]: From prehistoric Ur, ܐܘܪܗܝ ''Urhai'' in [[Syriac language|Syriac]], Ուռհա ''Uṙha'' in [[Armenian language|Armenian]], الرها ''Ar-Ruhā'' in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and Ορρα, ''Orrha'' in [[Greek language|Greek]] (also Ορροα, ''Orrhoa''). ''Şanlı'' means "great, glorious, dignified" in Turkish.
*[[Siirt]]: From Keert or Kaa’rat ('city' in Chaldean), ( ''Siʿird'', ''Sġerd'', ''siʿreth'', , )
*[[Sinop]]: from the original in Greek: Σινώπη, translit. Sinṓpē, historically known as Sinope /sɪˈnoʊpi/, after [[Sinope (mythology)|Sinope]] the godess from greek mythology.
*[[Şırnak]]: From Kurdish: Şirnex or Şehr-i Nuh (City of Noah) since it was believed locally, near Cudi Mountain, where Noah's Ark finally to have landed after [[Flood myth|the Flood]].
*[[Silivri]]: From the ancient Greek Selymbria or Selybria (Greek: Σηλυ(μ)βρία), after the mythological thracian founder of the city, Selus.
*[[Sivas]]: From "Sebaste", which is the feminine form of the Greek name corresponding to Augustus.
*[[Tarsus, Mersin]]: from , the original name of the city in the Hittite language, which was possibly derived from a pagan god, ''Tarku''.
*[[Tavşanlı]]: Named 'with rabbits' in Turkish after a hunting party held by the Ottoman prince Bayezid I, in which he is said to have hunted 7 rabbits.
*[[Tekirdağ]]: From [[tekfur]] ('Byzantine lord') and dağı ('Mountain belonging to'), i.e. 'Mountain of Byzantine lord' in Turkish.
*[[Tokat]]: From Tokat or Toktat ('roofless animal enclosure') in old Turkish.
*[[Trabzon]]: From the original in Greek: Τραπεζοῦς (''Trapezous''), referencing the table-like central hill between the Zağnos (İskeleboz) and Kuzgun streams on which it was founded (''τράπεζα'' meant "table" in [[Ancient Greek language|Ancient Greek]]
*[[Tunceli]]: The name means the land (eli) of bronze (tunç) in Turkish
*[[Uşak]]: From the original in Greek: '''Ousakeion''' (Ουσάκειον) Turkified as ''Uşşak''; which could mean "lovers" and "[[minstrel]]s" simultaneously.
*[[Van]]: From ''Kingdom of Van'' ([[Urartian language|Urartian]]: '''';<ref name="Hewsen-2000"></ref> ),<ref>A. Y. Movsisyan, "The hieroglyphic script of van kingdom (Biainili, Urartu, Ararat)", Publishing House Gitutyun of NAS RA, Yerevan 1998.</ref> derived from the Urartian [[Toponymy|toponym]] ''Biainili'' (or ''Biaineli''), which was adopted in Old Armenian as [[Van, Turkey|''Van'']] (),<ref>I. M. Diakonoff, "Hurro-Urartian Borrowings in Old Armenian". ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'', 105/4 (October–December 1985), p. 601.</ref> because of [[betacism]] in [[linguistics]].
*[[Yalıkavak]]: From Yalı ('beach property'), and Kavak ('birch tree') i.e. 'birch tree at the beach' in Turkish.
*[[Yalova]]: From Yalı ('beach property'), and Ova ('low lying farmland') i.e. 'low lying farmland at the beach' in Turkish.
*[[Yenişehir, Bursa]]: From Yeni ('new'), and şehir ('city') i.e. 'New town' in Turkish.
*[[Yomra]]: From the name of a type of apple grown locally.
*[[Yozgat]]: From Yoz ('grassland'), and Kant ('city') i.e. 'city with grassland' in old Turkish.
*[[Yumurtalık]]: From Yumurta ('egg'), and lık (suffix along with lik, luk, and lük to mean purposed for') i.e. 'egg nest' in Turkish
*[[Zonguldak]]: from ''Zone Geul-Dagh'', the name given to the area by [[France|French]] and [[Belgium|Belgian]] mining companies<ref>[https://ift.tt/2tLKddk Governorship of Zonguldak - A Brief History] </ref><ref>[https://ift.tt/2tLowKB Financial Manager's Office of Zonguldak - A General Description] </ref> to refer to the zone near "Geul-Dagh" or Göldağı ('Lake Mountain'), the highest mountain in the vicinity.
==Toponomy of Turkeys regions==
*[[Sakarya]]: From (, ), the third longuest [[river]] in [[Turkey]].
*[[İçel]]: From İç ('inner' as opposed to coastal), and el ('place/area/land populated by strangers') i.e. 'inner land' in Turkish.
*[[]]
*[[]]
===Toponomy of Turkeys historical regions===
Texts about antique history use invariably region names that are no longuer in use.
*[[Paphlagonia]]:
*[[Bithnia]]
*[[Cylica]]
*[[Pontus]]
==Hydronyms of Turkey==
*[[İstanbul Boğazı]]:
*[[Çanakkale Boğazı]]:
*[[Marmara Denizi]]:
*[[Ege Denizi]]:
*[[Kara Deniz]]:
*[[Ak Deniz]]:
*[[Kızılırmak]]:
*[[Yeşilırmak]]:
*[[Sakarya Irmağı]]: ), the third longuest [[river]] in [[Turkey]].
*[[Fırat]]:
*[[Dicle]]:
*[[Van Gölü]]:
*[[Tuz Gölü]]:
==Exonomy of Turkey==
*[[Trachia]]
*[[Anatolia]]
*[[Trachia]]
==See also==
*[[List of largest cities and towns in Turkey]]
*[[Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey]]
*[[List of rivers of Turkey]]
*[[List of lakes of Turkey]]
*[[]]
*[[]]
== References and notes ==
[[Category:Toponymy]]
[[Category:Etymologies of geographic names]]
[[Category:Turkey geography-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of landforms of Turkey]]
[[]]
[[]]
[[]]
[[]]
==Toponyms of Population centers in Turkey==
*[[Adana]]: from the [[Hittite Empire|Hittite]] <sup>URU</sup>''Adaniya'' of [[Kizzuwatna]],<ref>See, e.g., Sirekli Archaeological Project.</ref>, alternatives: related to the legendary character [[Danaus]], greek tribe [[Danaoi]], egyptian ennemy country ''Danaja'', [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean]] refugees ''Dananayim'' or ''Danuna'', and ''Da-na-vo'' (people living by the river), [[Scythians|Scythian]] nomad people.
*[[Adıyaman]]:
*[[Afyonkarahisar]]:
*[[Ağrı]]:
*[[Aksaray]]:
*[[Akyaka, Muğla]]:
*[[Alanya]]:
*[[Aliağa]]:
*[[Amasya]]:
*[[Anamur]]: from the [[Ancient Greek]] "Anemourion" (), [[Latinisation of names|Latinized]] as "Anemurium", meaning "[[windmill]]".<ref>[https://ift.tt/2tN6ojG ἀνεμούριον],
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus project</ref>
*[[Ankara]]: From the original ''Ánkyra'' (, <small></small> "[[anchor]]") in [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] and ''Ancyra'' in [[Latin]], ''Angora'' in many European languages and ''Engürü'' in [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]].
*[[Antakya]]:
*[[Antalya]]:
*[[Ardahan]]:
*[[Artvin]]:
*[[Aydın]]:
*[[Ayvalık]]:
*[[Balıkesir]]:
*[[Bartın]]:
*[[Batman]]:
*[[Bitlis]]:
*[[Bodrum]]:
*[[Bolu]]:
*[[Burdur]]:
*[[Burhaniye]]:
*[[Bursa]]:
*[[Çanakkale]]:
*[[Çankırı]]:
*[[Çeşme]]:
*[[Çorum]]:
*[[Datça]]:
*[[Denizli]]:
*[[Dikili]]:
*[[Diyarbakır]]:
*[[Doğubeyazıt]]:
*[[Düzce]]:
*[[Edirne]]:
*[[Edremit, Balıkesir]]:
*[[Enez]]:
*[[Erbaa]]:
*[[Erdek]]:
*[[Erzincan]]:
*[[Erzurum]]:
*[[Eskişehir]]:
*[[Fethiye]]:
*[[Gaziantep]]:
*[[Gebze]]:
*[[Gelibolu]]:
*[[Giresun]]:
*[[Göcek, Fethiye]]:
*[[Güllük]]:
*[[Gümüşhane]]:
*[[Hakkari]]:
*[[Iğdır]]: after a western Turkish clan called ''Iğdır'' that belonged to a branch of the [[Oghuz Turks]].<ref name="Iranica">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref></ref>
*[[İskenderun]]:
*[[Isparta]]:
*[[İstanbul]]: Derived from the [[Medieval Greek]] phrase (pronounced ), which means "to the city"<ref>Necdet Sakaoğlu (1993/94a): "İstanbul'un adları" ["The names of Istanbul"]. In: ''Dünden bugüne İstanbul ansiklopedisi'', ed. Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı, Istanbul.</ref>, how Constantinople was referred to as the only major city in the vicinity by the local Greeks.
*[[İzmit]]:
*[[İzmir]]: from original Greek name "Smyrna" and "Smyrne" (Σμύρνη)
*[[Kahramanmaraş]]:
*[[Kandıra]]:
*[[Karabük]]:
*[[Karaman]]:
*[[Kars]]:
*[[Kastamonu]]:
*[[Karataş]]:
*[[Kaş]]:
*[[Kayseri]]:
*[[Kazlıçeşme, Zeytinburnu]]: from the historic fountain () with a relief goose () figure below the fountain's inscription, which dates it back to [[Hijri year]] AH 953 (AD 1537).<ref name="z"></ref>
*[[Kilis]]:
*[[Kırklareli]]:
*[[Kirşehir]]:
*[[Kırıkkale]]:
*[[Konya]]:
*[[Kuşadası]]:
*[[Kütahya]]: From the original in Greek '''Kotyaion''', [[Latinisation of names|Latinized]] in Roman times as '''Cotyaeum'''.<ref>https://ift.tt/2Hd3ooE Catholic Encyclopaedia: Cotiaeum.</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
*[[Malatya]]: From the Hittite Malidiya (melid or milit which means "honey").
*[[Manisa]]: From ''Magnesia'' () the place where the original magnetic rocks came from.
*[[Mardin]]: From a [[Syriac language|Syriac]]/[[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic language]] name translating to "fortress" used as the Roman period name ''Marida'' (''Merida''),<ref></ref><ref>[https://ift.tt/2tO0EWQ Fraternité Chrétienne Sarthe-Orient, "Marida (Mardin)"] Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref> suggesting ''Mardin'' as a plural "fortresses".</ref>
*[[Marmara Ereğlisi]]: From name given 300 AD as '''Heraclea''' (Ἡράκλεια).
*[[Marmaris]]: From the Turkish word mermer, Greek màrmaron (marble) in reference to the rich deposits of marble in the region.
*[[Mersin]]: From Mersin Bey, a leader of the Oghuz Turks, a local clan named Mersinoğulları reported by [[Evliya Çelebi]]
*[[Milas]]: From ancient name (, Mylasa) associated with [[Lycians]]
*[[Muğla]]: From ancient name Mobolla
*[[Muş]]: From Mushki the ancient clan with clover as sign that built the original castle later demolished by [[Suleiman the Magnificent]]
*[[Nazilli]]: According to legend, the son of Aydın's governor in the Ottoman period, fell in love with a young woman from Pazarköy but was rejected by the girl's father. The young man later named the town Nazlı Ili (Nazlı's Hometown) after his loved one.
*[[Nevşehir]]: From Nev ('new'), and şehir ('city') i.e. 'New town' in Ottoman Turkish')
*[[Niğde]]: From [[Anahita]], Nakita or Nahita an ancient godess for fertility. Later (), Nakida, Nekide, Nîkde (1400)
*[[Ordu]]: From Ordu ('army') the 12000 strong army gathered at Eskipazar in 1396 by Hacı Emiroğlu Süleyman Bey to conquer Giresun.<ref>BAŞ Mithat, Ordu Yöresi Tarihi, Ordu Belediyesi Yayınları, Ordu 2012</ref>
*[[Osmaniye]]: Related to Osman
*[[Rize]]: From the original in Greek ρίζα (riza) or Ριζαίον (Rizaion)[citation needed], meaning "mountain slopes",ρίζα in Greek means root.
*[[Samsun]]: From the original in Greek: ''Amisos'' (Αμισός) by a [[Rebracketing#In_Greek|reinterpretation]] of ''eis Amison'' (meaning "to Amisos") and ''ounta'' (Greek suffix for place names) to ''eis Sampsunda'' (Σαμψούντα) and then Samsun<ref>[[Özhan Öztürk]]. [https://ift.tt/2tLovq1 Karadeniz: Ansiklopedik Sözlük (Blacksea: Encyclopedic Dictionary)] Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2). 2 Cilt (2 Volumes). Heyamola Publishing. Istanbul.2005 </ref> ().
*[[Şanlıurfa]]: From prehistoric Ur, ܐܘܪܗܝ ''Urhai'' in [[Syriac language|Syriac]], Ուռհա ''Uṙha'' in [[Armenian language|Armenian]], الرها ''Ar-Ruhā'' in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and Ορρα, ''Orrha'' in [[Greek language|Greek]] (also Ορροα, ''Orrhoa''). ''Şanlı'' means "great, glorious, dignified" in Turkish.
*[[Siirt]]: From Keert or Kaa’rat ('city' in Chaldean), ( ''Siʿird'', ''Sġerd'', ''siʿreth'', , )
*[[Sinop]]: from the original in Greek: Σινώπη, translit. Sinṓpē, historically known as Sinope /sɪˈnoʊpi/, after [[Sinope (mythology)|Sinope]] the godess from greek mythology.
*[[Şırnak]]: From Kurdish: Şirnex or Şehr-i Nuh (City of Noah) since it was believed locally, near Cudi Mountain, where Noah's Ark finally to have landed after [[Flood myth|the Flood]].
*[[Silivri]]: From the ancient Greek Selymbria or Selybria (Greek: Σηλυ(μ)βρία), after the mythological thracian founder of the city, Selus.
*[[Sivas]]: From "Sebaste", which is the feminine form of the Greek name corresponding to Augustus.
*[[Tarsus, Mersin]]: from , the original name of the city in the Hittite language, which was possibly derived from a pagan god, ''Tarku''.
*[[Tavşanlı]]: Named 'with rabbits' in Turkish after a hunting party held by the Ottoman prince Bayezid I, in which he is said to have hunted 7 rabbits.
*[[Tekirdağ]]: From [[tekfur]] ('Byzantine lord') and dağı ('Mountain belonging to'), i.e. 'Mountain of Byzantine lord' in Turkish.
*[[Tokat]]: From Tokat or Toktat ('roofless animal enclosure') in old Turkish.
*[[Trabzon]]: From the original in Greek: Τραπεζοῦς (''Trapezous''), referencing the table-like central hill between the Zağnos (İskeleboz) and Kuzgun streams on which it was founded (''τράπεζα'' meant "table" in [[Ancient Greek language|Ancient Greek]]
*[[Tunceli]]: The name means the land (eli) of bronze (tunç) in Turkish
*[[Uşak]]: From the original in Greek: '''Ousakeion''' (Ουσάκειον) Turkified as ''Uşşak''; which could mean "lovers" and "[[minstrel]]s" simultaneously.
*[[Van]]: From ''Kingdom of Van'' ([[Urartian language|Urartian]]: '''';<ref name="Hewsen-2000"></ref> ),<ref>A. Y. Movsisyan, "The hieroglyphic script of van kingdom (Biainili, Urartu, Ararat)", Publishing House Gitutyun of NAS RA, Yerevan 1998.</ref> derived from the Urartian [[Toponymy|toponym]] ''Biainili'' (or ''Biaineli''), which was adopted in Old Armenian as [[Van, Turkey|''Van'']] (),<ref>I. M. Diakonoff, "Hurro-Urartian Borrowings in Old Armenian". ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'', 105/4 (October–December 1985), p. 601.</ref> because of [[betacism]] in [[linguistics]].
*[[Yalıkavak]]: From Yalı ('beach property'), and Kavak ('birch tree') i.e. 'birch tree at the beach' in Turkish.
*[[Yalova]]: From Yalı ('beach property'), and Ova ('low lying farmland') i.e. 'low lying farmland at the beach' in Turkish.
*[[Yenişehir, Bursa]]: From Yeni ('new'), and şehir ('city') i.e. 'New town' in Turkish.
*[[Yomra]]: From the name of a type of apple grown locally.
*[[Yozgat]]: From Yoz ('grassland'), and Kant ('city') i.e. 'city with grassland' in old Turkish.
*[[Yumurtalık]]: From Yumurta ('egg'), and lık (suffix along with lik, luk, and lük to mean purposed for') i.e. 'egg nest' in Turkish
*[[Zonguldak]]: from ''Zone Geul-Dagh'', the name given to the area by [[France|French]] and [[Belgium|Belgian]] mining companies<ref>[https://ift.tt/2tLKddk Governorship of Zonguldak - A Brief History] </ref><ref>[https://ift.tt/2tLowKB Financial Manager's Office of Zonguldak - A General Description] </ref> to refer to the zone near "Geul-Dagh" or Göldağı ('Lake Mountain'), the highest mountain in the vicinity.
==Toponomy of Turkeys regions==
*[[Sakarya]]: From (, ), the third longuest [[river]] in [[Turkey]].
*[[İçel]]: From İç ('inner' as opposed to coastal), and el ('place/area/land populated by strangers') i.e. 'inner land' in Turkish.
*[[]]
*[[]]
===Toponomy of Turkeys historical regions===
Texts about antique history use invariably region names that are no longuer in use.
*[[Paphlagonia]]:
*[[Bithnia]]
*[[Cylica]]
*[[Pontus]]
==Hydronyms of Turkey==
*[[İstanbul Boğazı]]:
*[[Çanakkale Boğazı]]:
*[[Marmara Denizi]]:
*[[Ege Denizi]]:
*[[Kara Deniz]]:
*[[Ak Deniz]]:
*[[Kızılırmak]]:
*[[Yeşilırmak]]:
*[[Sakarya Irmağı]]: ), the third longuest [[river]] in [[Turkey]].
*[[Fırat]]:
*[[Dicle]]:
*[[Van Gölü]]:
*[[Tuz Gölü]]:
==Exonomy of Turkey==
*[[Trachia]]
*[[Anatolia]]
*[[Trachia]]
==See also==
*[[List of largest cities and towns in Turkey]]
*[[Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey]]
*[[List of rivers of Turkey]]
*[[List of lakes of Turkey]]
*[[]]
*[[]]
== References and notes ==
[[Category:Toponymy]]
[[Category:Etymologies of geographic names]]
[[Category:Turkey geography-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of landforms of Turkey]]
[[]]
[[]]
[[]]
[[]]
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