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'''Joan Malet''' (''circa'' 1510 – [[July 2]], 1549) was a [[Principality of Catalonia|Catalan]] [[Witch trials in Early Modern Europe|witch-hunter]] of [[Morisco]] origin, who operated in [[Principality of Catalonia|Catalonia]], [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] and [[Kingdom of Valencia|Valencia]] in the middle XVIth century.
== Biography ==
Joan Malet was born in [[Flix]], in the Low [[Ebro]] region of the [[Principality of Catalonia]], to a [[Morisco]] family. His father, who is said to have been condemned for having killed a [[nobility|nobleman]], was a very violent man who once beat Joan up to the extent of making him lame for life. Joan had also learned some skills as a carpenter and lived in extreme poverty. In Alcañiz, [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]], Malet maintained a sexual relationship with a woman who claimed to be a [[sorcery|sorceress]] and who allegedly taught him [[sorcery|her skills]], thus Malet coming to be known as ''mestre Malet'' (master Malet). He began his ''[[Freelancer|freelance]]'' career as a witch-hunter in the village of [[Arnes, Terra Alta|Arnes]], in the Low Ebro region of [[Principality of Catalonia|Catalonia]], where he tried to denounce two women he claimed to be witches, eventhough he ended up renouncing to continue such accusations when local villagers threatened him with death. Joan Malet then fled to [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]], where he was eventually arrested by the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]] of [[Zaragoza]], although he was released on the condition that he would never practise [[sorcery]] again. He then returned to [[Principality of Catalonia|Catalonia]] and went to [[Tortosa]], where he offered his services to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tortosa|bishop of Tortosa]] as a witch-hunter, thus beginning an authentic reign of terror throughout [[Principality of Catalonia|Catalonia]]; dozens of poor women were arbitrarily denounced as witches by him, then tortured, and [[Hanging|executed by hanging]], since only the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]] could administer [[death by burning]] as [[Death penalty|penalty]]. His campaign of terror in the region came to an end when the [[Grand Inquisitor]] of [[Barcelona]], Diego de Sarmiento y Sotomayor, tried to put the situation under control by summoning, in [[June 24]] 1548, a council of [[Jurisprudence|jurists]] and [[Theology|theologians]] from the [[Principality of Catalonia|principality]] in order to decide how to judge properly all the remaining women arrested after being accused of [[witchcraft]] by Malet, who in turn stayed at [[Barcelona]] as a protected witness. Therefore, beginning at [[October 7]] that year, the towns of [[Tarragona]], [[Montblanc, Tarragona|Montblanc]] and other [[Principality of Catalonia|Catalonian]] towns send those women to [[Barcelona]] so that they could be judged by the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]] [[Courts of justice|courts]] there. Given that only Malet's own testimony had been given as evidence for the arrest of those women, the various difficulties the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]] [[Courts of justice|courts]] had in order to process the cases of more than 40 culprits, the orders coming from the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]]'s [[Episcopal see|see]] at [[Valladolid]] demanding to review the processes, and finally the fact that Sarmiento ordered an [[Auto-da-fé|auto de fe]] against 6 of those women, who were [[Death by burning|publicly burned at the stake]] without the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]]'s [[Supreme Court|Suprema]] confirmation of the sentence; led the [[Supreme Court|Suprema]], in [[April]] 1549, to send the [[inquisitor]] Francisco de Vaca to [[Barcelona]] in order to inspect the whole situation. The reports of fraudulent judicial procedure sent by de Vaca to [[Valladolid]] led to the stopping of the remaining local judicial processes and to the release from prison of the remaining women under arrest. Malet, who had fled to [[Kingdom of Valencia|Valencia]] in the months that followed, and had continued to work there as witch-hunter, was finally arrested by the [[Kingdom of Valencia|Valencian]] [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]] and sent back to [[Barcelona]], where he was executed by the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]] in [[July 2]] 1549.
==Bibliography==
* Revista Sàpiens, ''PERSONATGES: Vida i mort de Joan Malet, el primer caçador de bruixes de Catalunya'', Agustí Alcoberro. (https://ift.tt/39gR6sq)
== External links ==
* A historical report by Marc Pons at the Catalonian digital journal ''El Nacional'', in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. (https://ift.tt/39jlsL0)
* Interview to the journalist Sebastià D'Arbó about Joan Malet's life, at the television programme ''Ben Trobats'', from ''La Xarxa de Comunicació Local'' TV channel. (https://ift.tt/39hp1kD)
[[Category:16th-century Spanish people]]
[[Category:People from Baix Ebre]]
[[Category:Moriscos]]
[[Category:Early Modern Catalonia]]
== Biography ==
Joan Malet was born in [[Flix]], in the Low [[Ebro]] region of the [[Principality of Catalonia]], to a [[Morisco]] family. His father, who is said to have been condemned for having killed a [[nobility|nobleman]], was a very violent man who once beat Joan up to the extent of making him lame for life. Joan had also learned some skills as a carpenter and lived in extreme poverty. In Alcañiz, [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]], Malet maintained a sexual relationship with a woman who claimed to be a [[sorcery|sorceress]] and who allegedly taught him [[sorcery|her skills]], thus Malet coming to be known as ''mestre Malet'' (master Malet). He began his ''[[Freelancer|freelance]]'' career as a witch-hunter in the village of [[Arnes, Terra Alta|Arnes]], in the Low Ebro region of [[Principality of Catalonia|Catalonia]], where he tried to denounce two women he claimed to be witches, eventhough he ended up renouncing to continue such accusations when local villagers threatened him with death. Joan Malet then fled to [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]], where he was eventually arrested by the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]] of [[Zaragoza]], although he was released on the condition that he would never practise [[sorcery]] again. He then returned to [[Principality of Catalonia|Catalonia]] and went to [[Tortosa]], where he offered his services to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tortosa|bishop of Tortosa]] as a witch-hunter, thus beginning an authentic reign of terror throughout [[Principality of Catalonia|Catalonia]]; dozens of poor women were arbitrarily denounced as witches by him, then tortured, and [[Hanging|executed by hanging]], since only the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]] could administer [[death by burning]] as [[Death penalty|penalty]]. His campaign of terror in the region came to an end when the [[Grand Inquisitor]] of [[Barcelona]], Diego de Sarmiento y Sotomayor, tried to put the situation under control by summoning, in [[June 24]] 1548, a council of [[Jurisprudence|jurists]] and [[Theology|theologians]] from the [[Principality of Catalonia|principality]] in order to decide how to judge properly all the remaining women arrested after being accused of [[witchcraft]] by Malet, who in turn stayed at [[Barcelona]] as a protected witness. Therefore, beginning at [[October 7]] that year, the towns of [[Tarragona]], [[Montblanc, Tarragona|Montblanc]] and other [[Principality of Catalonia|Catalonian]] towns send those women to [[Barcelona]] so that they could be judged by the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]] [[Courts of justice|courts]] there. Given that only Malet's own testimony had been given as evidence for the arrest of those women, the various difficulties the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]] [[Courts of justice|courts]] had in order to process the cases of more than 40 culprits, the orders coming from the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]]'s [[Episcopal see|see]] at [[Valladolid]] demanding to review the processes, and finally the fact that Sarmiento ordered an [[Auto-da-fé|auto de fe]] against 6 of those women, who were [[Death by burning|publicly burned at the stake]] without the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]]'s [[Supreme Court|Suprema]] confirmation of the sentence; led the [[Supreme Court|Suprema]], in [[April]] 1549, to send the [[inquisitor]] Francisco de Vaca to [[Barcelona]] in order to inspect the whole situation. The reports of fraudulent judicial procedure sent by de Vaca to [[Valladolid]] led to the stopping of the remaining local judicial processes and to the release from prison of the remaining women under arrest. Malet, who had fled to [[Kingdom of Valencia|Valencia]] in the months that followed, and had continued to work there as witch-hunter, was finally arrested by the [[Kingdom of Valencia|Valencian]] [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]] and sent back to [[Barcelona]], where he was executed by the [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]] in [[July 2]] 1549.
==Bibliography==
* Revista Sàpiens, ''PERSONATGES: Vida i mort de Joan Malet, el primer caçador de bruixes de Catalunya'', Agustí Alcoberro. (https://ift.tt/39gR6sq)
== External links ==
* A historical report by Marc Pons at the Catalonian digital journal ''El Nacional'', in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. (https://ift.tt/39jlsL0)
* Interview to the journalist Sebastià D'Arbó about Joan Malet's life, at the television programme ''Ben Trobats'', from ''La Xarxa de Comunicació Local'' TV channel. (https://ift.tt/39hp1kD)
[[Category:16th-century Spanish people]]
[[Category:People from Baix Ebre]]
[[Category:Moriscos]]
[[Category:Early Modern Catalonia]]
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