Chile–Venezuela relations

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'''Chile–Venezuela relations''' refers to the [[diplomatic relations]] between the [[Chile|Republic of Chile]] and the [[Venezuela|Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela]]. Both nations are members of the [[Community of Latin American and Caribbean States]], [[Latin American Integration Association]], [[Organization of American States]], [[Organization of Ibero-American States]] and the [[United Nations]].

==History==
Both Chile and Venezuela share a common history in the fact that both nations were once part of the [[Spanish Empire]]. During the Spanish colonial period, Chile was then part of the [[Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata]] and administered from [[Buenos Aires]] while Venezuela was governed from the [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]] in [[Bogotá]]. In 1810, both Chile and Venezuela declared their independence from [[Spain]] with each nation obtaining independence in 1818 and 1830, respectively. Chilean liberator, [[Bernardo O'Higgins]], while in exile in [[Peru]] was encouraged by Venezuelan liberator [[Simón Bolívar]] to join the nationalist effort there to free Peru from Spain.
[[File:TumbaBello.JPG|thumb|right|Tomb of Venezuelan humanist and diplomat, [[Andrés Bello]], in Santiago.]]
In 1858, Chile and Venezuela formally established diplomatic relations. In 1913, Chile established a resident diplomatic legation in [[Caracas]] while Venezuela followed-suit in 1923 by establishing a diplomatic legation in Santiago. In 1829, Venezuelan humanist and diplomat, [[Andrés Bello]], moved to Chile where he accepted a post in the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Chile)|Chilean Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] in [[Santiago]]. In Chile, Bello became a Senator and founded the [[University of Chile]]. Both nations claim Bello as their own and have featured him on the old 2,000 [[Venezuelan bolívar]] and the 20,000 [[Chilean peso]] notes.

In 1973, Chile experienced a [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|coup d'état]] against the government of President [[Salvador Allende]] by General [[Augusto Pinochet]]. As a result, approximately 24,000 Chileans sought asylum in Venezuela.<ref>[https://ift.tt/39jzt8n Por qué Chile facilita la llegada de inmigrantes de Venezuela y pone dificultades a los de Haití (in Spanish)]</ref> Many Chilean refugees returned to Chile in the 1990s after democracy was restored in the country.

In the early 21st century, relations between both nations have been close as both nations worked closely for deeper South American integration. In 1999, [[Hugo Chávez]] became President of Venezuela. In 2006, [[Michelle Bachelet]] was elected President of Chile. Both leaders maintained a close political relationship as both leaders were part of the "[[Pink tide]]" left-wing governments in Latin American democracies. Both countries were founding members of the now defunct [[Union of South American Nations]].

In 2013, [[Nicolás Maduro]] became President of Venezuela after the death of President Chávez. Since President Maduro's time in office, the [[Crisis in Venezuela]] have reached drastic levels and have contributed to the [[Venezuelan refugee crisis]] with over 200,000 [[Venezuelan diaspora|Venezuelans]] immigrating and seeking asylum in Chile.<ref>[https://ift.tt/2xoU7H4 En Chile hay más de 1,2 millones de extranjeros y venezolanos desplazan a los peruanos (in Spanish)]</ref> As a result, in June 2019, Chile placed visa restrictions on Venezuelans entering the country.<ref>[https://ift.tt/3ancYkd Response for Venezuelans]</ref> In response, Venezuela imposed visa restrictions on Chilean nationals visiting the country. In January 2019, as a result of the [[Venezuelan presidential crisis]], the Chilean government recognized [[Juan Guaidó]] as acting President of Venezuela.<ref>[https://ift.tt/2JkTr8u Chile recognizes opposition leader Guaido as Venezuela's president]</ref>

==Bilateral agreements==
Both nations have signed several agreements such as an Extradition treaty (1962); Agreement on Cultural Cooperation (1990); Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1990); Agreement on Prevention, Control, Fiscalization and Repression of the Abuse and Illicit Traffic of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1993); Agreement on the Avoidance of double taxation in relation to international maritime and air transport (1994); Agreement on the Reciprocal Protection of Investments (1994); Agreement on Tourism (1994); and an Agreement on Social Security (2005).<ref>[https://ift.tt/3aq9o9k Tratados firmados entre Chile y Venezuela (in Spanish)]</ref><ref>[https://ift.tt/3dD7S5N MRE: Acuerdos y tratados Bilaterales con Venezuela (in Spanish)]</ref>

==Transportaiton==
There are direct flights between both nations with [[Estelar Latinoamerica]].

==Trade==
In 2018, trade between both nations totaled US$109 million dollars.<ref name=Trade>[https://ift.tt/2wIECto Ficha País: Chile-Venezuela (in Spanish)]</ref> Chile's main exports to Venezuela include: lentils, powdered milk, tuna, juices and copper. Venezuela's main exports to Chile include: urea, steel and iron tubes, cables, and steel or iron wires.<ref name=Trade />

==Resident diplomatic missions==
* Chile has an embassy in [[Caracas]] and a consulate in [[Ciudad Guayana|Puerto Ordaz]].<ref>[https://ift.tt/3aq9oGm Embassy of Chile in Caracas]</ref>
* Venezuela has an embassy in [[Santiago]].<ref>[https://ift.tt/33NS1wx Embassy of Venezuela in Santiago]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Chilean Venezuelans]]
* [[Venezuelans]]

== References ==








[[Category:Bilateral relations of Chile|Venezuela]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Venezuela|Chile]]

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