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[[File:Monolithic bass relief depicting siva -Mumbai -Maharashtra -DSC003.jpg|thumb|The Parel Relief, 5th or 6th century]]
The '''Parel Relief''' is a monolithic [[relief]] of the Hindu god [[Shiva]] now dated to the 5th or 6th century AD by the ASI,<ref>ASI</ref> or "around 600", in the late [[Gupta period]],<ref> Howard, 63. Note that Mumbai was never part of the actual [[Gupta Empire]]</ref> or around 525-530.<ref>Schastok, 52</ref> It was found in [[Parel]], now a neighbourhood of [[Mumbai]], in 1931 when a road was being constructed. It was moved to the nearby Baradevi Temple, where it remains in its own room.<ref>ASI</ref>
The relief shows Shiva a number of times, with a central image surrounded by six other Shiva images; thus it is a ''saptamurti'' ("seven images") composition. All are two-handed. The images exhibit different [[mudra]]s or hand gestures. There are also five [[gana]] or dwarf musicians (or three musicians and two guardians) around the edges of the piece. The slab is about 3.06 metres high,<ref>ASI</ref> or about 3.5 metres,<ref>Howard, 63</ref> with the Shiva figures about three-quarter life-size. It appears to be unfinished, for example in the ganas at lower right.<ref>ASI; Howard, 63</ref>
==Context==
Apart from being an imposing sculpture in reasonable condition, the relief is of special interest because it comes from the same period as the reliefs at the [[Elephanta Caves]], only a few miles away. However, they appear to be by different workshops. There are also similarities to two reliefs from the [[Shamlaji]] Caves in [[Gujarat]] (very near the Buddhist site of [[Devni Mori]]), though in these the central Shiva is three-headed, like the famous ''[[trimurti]]'' image at Elephanta, and one has twenty-three secondary images, rather than the six here. The less crowded composition in the Parel relief is perhaps more successful. A relief of Shiva and [[Vishnu]] combined in [[Harihara]] form at the [[Jogeshwari Caves]] in another Mumbai suburb is also comparable.<ref>Collins, 119-120; Schastok, 50-52</ref> It has been suggested the Parel image was carved at Shamlaji (or by that workshop).<ref>Collins, 120; Schastok, 50</ref>
The relief appears to be a version, with Shiva rather than the usual [[Vishnu]] or [[Krishna]] , of Hindu [[Vishvarupa]] ("Universal form", "Omni-form") imagery. The surrounding Shivas "emerge effortlessly" from the standing central figure, and the group should probably be thought of as a single figure showing typical Hindu multiplicity of form in an unusual fashion.<ref>Howard, 63</ref>
==Status==
The relief was made a "nationally protected monument" (No. 2/3/75-M or N-MH-M5) by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] in 1985.<ref>ASI</ref> Visitors report the room is only open during the nine days of the [[Navaratri]] festival. There is a cast in the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya]] in Mumbai.<ref>ASI</ref>
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Monolithic bass shiva-2.jpg|Upper part
File:Monolithic bass Shiva-5.jpg|From the other side
File:Monolithic bass Shiva-7.jpg|Garlanded
File:Monolithic bass Shiva-6.jpg|[[Gana]] musician
</gallery>
==Notes==
==References==
*"ASI", [[Archaeological Survey of India]] information [[:File:Text relating to Monolithic bass relief depicting siva -Mumbai -Maharashtra -DSC005.jpg|board at the site]], 2012
*Collins, Charles Dillard, ''The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being'', 1988, SUNY Press, ISBN 0887067735, 9780887067730, [https://ift.tt/36Frq4E google books]
*Howard, Angela Falco, ''The Imagery of the Cosmological Buddha'', 1986, Brill Archive, ISBN 9004076123, 9789004076129, [https://ift.tt/38Y5IKA google books]
*Schastok, Sara L., ''The Śāmalājī Sculptures and 6th Century Art in Western India'', 1985, BRILL, ISBN 9004069410, 9789004069411, [https://ift.tt/31eLPw6 google books]
[[Category:Indian sculpture]]
[[Category:Shiva in art]]
[[Category:Gupta art]]
[[File:Monolithic bass relief depicting siva -Mumbai -Maharashtra -DSC003.jpg|thumb|The Parel Relief, 5th or 6th century]]
The '''Parel Relief''' is a monolithic [[relief]] of the Hindu god [[Shiva]] now dated to the 5th or 6th century AD by the ASI,<ref>ASI</ref> or "around 600", in the late [[Gupta period]],<ref> Howard, 63. Note that Mumbai was never part of the actual [[Gupta Empire]]</ref> or around 525-530.<ref>Schastok, 52</ref> It was found in [[Parel]], now a neighbourhood of [[Mumbai]], in 1931 when a road was being constructed. It was moved to the nearby Baradevi Temple, where it remains in its own room.<ref>ASI</ref>
The relief shows Shiva a number of times, with a central image surrounded by six other Shiva images; thus it is a ''saptamurti'' ("seven images") composition. All are two-handed. The images exhibit different [[mudra]]s or hand gestures. There are also five [[gana]] or dwarf musicians (or three musicians and two guardians) around the edges of the piece. The slab is about 3.06 metres high,<ref>ASI</ref> or about 3.5 metres,<ref>Howard, 63</ref> with the Shiva figures about three-quarter life-size. It appears to be unfinished, for example in the ganas at lower right.<ref>ASI; Howard, 63</ref>
==Context==
Apart from being an imposing sculpture in reasonable condition, the relief is of special interest because it comes from the same period as the reliefs at the [[Elephanta Caves]], only a few miles away. However, they appear to be by different workshops. There are also similarities to two reliefs from the [[Shamlaji]] Caves in [[Gujarat]] (very near the Buddhist site of [[Devni Mori]]), though in these the central Shiva is three-headed, like the famous ''[[trimurti]]'' image at Elephanta, and one has twenty-three secondary images, rather than the six here. The less crowded composition in the Parel relief is perhaps more successful. A relief of Shiva and [[Vishnu]] combined in [[Harihara]] form at the [[Jogeshwari Caves]] in another Mumbai suburb is also comparable.<ref>Collins, 119-120; Schastok, 50-52</ref> It has been suggested the Parel image was carved at Shamlaji (or by that workshop).<ref>Collins, 120; Schastok, 50</ref>
The relief appears to be a version, with Shiva rather than the usual [[Vishnu]] or [[Krishna]] , of Hindu [[Vishvarupa]] ("Universal form", "Omni-form") imagery. The surrounding Shivas "emerge effortlessly" from the standing central figure, and the group should probably be thought of as a single figure showing typical Hindu multiplicity of form in an unusual fashion.<ref>Howard, 63</ref>
==Status==
The relief was made a "nationally protected monument" (No. 2/3/75-M or N-MH-M5) by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] in 1985.<ref>ASI</ref> Visitors report the room is only open during the nine days of the [[Navaratri]] festival. There is a cast in the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya]] in Mumbai.<ref>ASI</ref>
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Monolithic bass shiva-2.jpg|Upper part
File:Monolithic bass Shiva-5.jpg|From the other side
File:Monolithic bass Shiva-7.jpg|Garlanded
File:Monolithic bass Shiva-6.jpg|[[Gana]] musician
</gallery>
==Notes==
==References==
*"ASI", [[Archaeological Survey of India]] information [[:File:Text relating to Monolithic bass relief depicting siva -Mumbai -Maharashtra -DSC005.jpg|board at the site]], 2012
*Collins, Charles Dillard, ''The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being'', 1988, SUNY Press, ISBN 0887067735, 9780887067730, [https://ift.tt/36Frq4E google books]
*Howard, Angela Falco, ''The Imagery of the Cosmological Buddha'', 1986, Brill Archive, ISBN 9004076123, 9789004076129, [https://ift.tt/38Y5IKA google books]
*Schastok, Sara L., ''The Śāmalājī Sculptures and 6th Century Art in Western India'', 1985, BRILL, ISBN 9004069410, 9789004069411, [https://ift.tt/31eLPw6 google books]
[[Category:Indian sculpture]]
[[Category:Shiva in art]]
[[Category:Gupta art]]
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