Sornatia gens

P Aculeius: Article on the Sornatii.

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The '''gens Sornatia''' was an obscure [[plebs|plebeian]] family at [[ancient Rome]]. Few members of this [[gens]] appear in history, of whom the most famous was a general of [[Lucullus]] during the [[Third Mithridatic War]], but several others are known from inscriptions.

==Origin==
The [[Roman naming conventions#Nomen|nomen]] ''Sornatius'' resembles other gentilicia formed using the suffix '''', usually from [[cognomen|cognomina]] ending in '''' or '''', derived from place names, or participles ending in ''''.<ref>Chase, p. 126.</ref> However, there are no known corresponding surnames; there was, however, a town called ''Sornum'' in [[Roman Dacia|Dacia]].<ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography'', vol. II, p. 1023 ("Sornum").</ref> There was also a rare gentile name ''Sornius'', from which the nomen might have been derived.<ref>, .</ref>

==Members==


* Sornatius, a physician quoted by [[Pliny the Elder]]. Sornatius is given as an authority for the proposition that those using a certain hair dye produced by rotting leeches in a leaden vessel full of vinegar should put oil in their mouths to prevent their teeth from blackening along with their hair.<ref>Pliny the Elder, ''Historia Naturalis'', xxxii. 23.</ref><ref>''PIR'', S. 550.</ref>
* Gaius Sornatius C. f., a [[legatus|legate]] of the [[proconsul]] [[Lucullus|Lucius Licinius Lucullus]] during the [[Third Mithridatic War]]. In 72 BC, he inflicted a devastating defeat on the [[Kingdom of Pontus|Pontic]] army, and nearly captured [[Mithridates VI|Mithridates]]. When Lucullus invaded [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia]] in 69, he left Sornatius in charge of [[Kingdom of Pontus|Pontus]], with a force of six thousand soldiers. The following year, his soldiers mutinied, and refused to leave for Armenia, until shamed into doing so by a Roman defeat.<ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Lucullus", 17, 24, 30, 35.</ref><ref>''PW'', Sornatius.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, p. 119, 133, 139.</ref>
* Gaius Sornatius C. f., named in an inscription from [[Giulianova|Castrum Novum]] in [[Picenum]].<ref>.</ref>
* Gaius Sornatius C. f., a [[centurion]] [[primus pilus]] in the [[Legio X Fretensis]], buried at Rome, with a monument from Sornatia Phiale.<ref name="CIL 6 3633">.</ref>
* Sornatia Arecusa, together with her son, Gaius Sornatius Indus, dedicated a tomb at Rome for her husband of forty-three years, Quintus Lucretius Zeuxis, aged sixty.<ref name="CIL 6 21650">.</ref>
* Gaius Sornatius Q. f. Q. n. Indus, together with his mother, Sornatia Arecusa, dedicated a tomb at Rome for his father, Quintus Lucretius Zeuxis.<ref name="CIL 6 21650"/>
* Sornatia Phiale, dedicated a monument at Rome to Gaius Sornatius, the centurion.<ref name="CIL 6 3633"/>
* Gaius Sornatius Plutus, together with Gaius Norbanus Amianthus, masters of a slave named Cedrus, named in an inscription from Rome.<ref>.</ref>
* Gaius Sornatius Quartio, buried at Rome, with a monument from his sister, Sornatia.<ref>.</ref>
* Titus Sornatius C. f. Sabinus, buried at Rome during the first century, in a sepulchre built by his mother, Anusia Tertia for herself and her son.<ref>.</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Roman gentes]]

==Notes==


==References==


==Bibliography==
* Gaius Plinius Secundus ([[Pliny the Elder]]), ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Historia Naturalis]]'' (Natural History).
* Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus ([[Plutarch]]), ''[[Parallel Lives|Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans]]''.
* [[Theodor Mommsen]] ''et alii'', ''[[Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum]]'' (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated ''CIL''), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present).
* ''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography]]'', [[William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]], ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1854).
* [[August Pauly]], [[Georg Wissowa]], ''et alii'', ''[[Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft]]'' (Scientific Encyclopedia of the Knowledge of Classical Antiquities, abbreviated ''RE'' or ''PW''), J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart (1894–1980).
* George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897).
* [[Paul von Rohden]], [[Elimar Klebs]], & [[Hermann Dessau]], ''[[Prosopographia Imperii Romani]]'' (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated ''PIR''), Berlin (1898).
* [[Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton|T. Robert S. Broughton]], ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', American Philological Association (1952–1986).

[[Category:Roman gentes]]

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