Smdgejc: Added references #WikiD
'''Matrix Feminist Design Co-Operative''' was formed in London in 1981.<ref name=":0">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> It was one of the first architectural organisations worldwide to bring a feminist approach to architecture and the design of the built environment and to challenge patriarchal spatial systems.<ref name=":1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name=":2">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 2, expected 1)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 4, expected 1)</ref><ref name=":3">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name=":4"></ref><ref></ref> Matrix pursued these objectives through built projects, theoretical analysis, commissioned research and publications, including the book ''Making Space:Women and the Man-made Environment''.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== Early years ==
Matrix originated as a feminist offshoot of the New Architecture Movement (NAM) in London.<ref name=":0" /><ref></ref> In the late 70s a group of women involved in NAM began meeting separately to discuss feminist perspectives and specific issues facing women in the built environment. This led to the formation of the Feminist Design Collective (1978–80) which then split into the Matrix and Mitra.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Related groups include the Women's Design Service, founded in 1985.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
Matrix had many contributing members involved across a range of projects and affiliated groups between 1978 and 1994. These included the Women and Space conference (1979), the Home Truths exhibition (1980), the Matrix book group (1980–84), the Matrix support group (1980–84), and the architectural practice (1980–1994).<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Key members include Frances Bradshaw, Susan Francis, Barbara McFarlane, Anne Thorne and [[Jos Boys]], among many others. Many of the founding members lived in squats or short-life housing while the collective was active, which meant living costs were minimal and energy could be directed to the work of the collective.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== Architectural practice ==
The Matrix design cooperative was a feminist, women-led and multi-racial architectural practice. Set up as a workers’ cooperative, it was run using a non-hierarchical management approach.<ref></ref>
The practice specialised in working with people, groups and organisations that were traditionally excluded from architectural design processes.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref></ref> The type of projects undertaken by the practice also extended beyond the range of standard architectural services. Methods for working with clients stemmed from Matrix's founding commitments to involving women in the design and production of buildings.<ref name=":0" /> Activities included providing courses on technical drawing for trainee tradeswomen, on the building process for workers and client groups, and on building law, casting general structures and construction for practising tradeswomen.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix also published information on the design of childcare facilities, careers in architecture and on women and the environment.<ref></ref>
== Built work ==
The most well known built work is the Jagonari Educational Resource Centre, a project for women from the largely Bangladeshi community of Whitechapel, London.<ref> Former Jagonari Women's Centre, 183-185 Whitechapel Road|url=https://surveyoflondon.org/map/feature/453/detail/|website=surveyoflondon.org|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref><ref></ref><ref name=":1" /> Other notable works include the Dalston Children's Centre and Harlow Women's Aid Centre.<ref name=":1" />
== Publications ==
Matrix produced a range of publications, including the books ''Making Space: Women and the Man Made Environment'' (London: Pluto Press, 1984) and ''A Job Designing Buildings: For Women Interested in Architecture and Buildings'' (London: Matrix Feminist Design Co-operative, 1986).
== Impact ==
Matrix has had ongoing impact on feminist approaches to design and [[participatory design]] methodologies, and is an important precursor to later feminist groups and organisations.<ref name=":3" /><ref></ref><ref></ref><ref name=":4" /><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Recognition is increasing, although the editors of ''Women and the Making of Built Space in England, 1870-1950'' describe ''Making Space'' as “highly important but underrated.”<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Founding members of Matrix went on to have significant roles in British architectural practice and as educators.<ref> Architects for Health|url=https://www.architectsforhealth.com/2017/09/susan-francis-obituary/|last=Cooper|first=John|date=2017|website=|language=en-GB|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> The impact of the collective was reinforced in 2019 when Matrix was nominated for the [[Royal Institute of British Architects|RIBA]] Gold Medal Award.<ref></ref> In 2020, the Matrix online archive project received seed funding from the [[University College London]] Bartlett Innovation Award.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Women architects]]
[[Category:Feminist organisations in England]]
[[Category:British architects]]
[[Category:English architects]]
[[Category:Architecture academics]]
[[Category:Women's history]]
== Early years ==
Matrix originated as a feminist offshoot of the New Architecture Movement (NAM) in London.<ref name=":0" /><ref></ref> In the late 70s a group of women involved in NAM began meeting separately to discuss feminist perspectives and specific issues facing women in the built environment. This led to the formation of the Feminist Design Collective (1978–80) which then split into the Matrix and Mitra.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Related groups include the Women's Design Service, founded in 1985.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
Matrix had many contributing members involved across a range of projects and affiliated groups between 1978 and 1994. These included the Women and Space conference (1979), the Home Truths exhibition (1980), the Matrix book group (1980–84), the Matrix support group (1980–84), and the architectural practice (1980–1994).<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Key members include Frances Bradshaw, Susan Francis, Barbara McFarlane, Anne Thorne and [[Jos Boys]], among many others. Many of the founding members lived in squats or short-life housing while the collective was active, which meant living costs were minimal and energy could be directed to the work of the collective.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== Architectural practice ==
The Matrix design cooperative was a feminist, women-led and multi-racial architectural practice. Set up as a workers’ cooperative, it was run using a non-hierarchical management approach.<ref></ref>
The practice specialised in working with people, groups and organisations that were traditionally excluded from architectural design processes.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref></ref> The type of projects undertaken by the practice also extended beyond the range of standard architectural services. Methods for working with clients stemmed from Matrix's founding commitments to involving women in the design and production of buildings.<ref name=":0" /> Activities included providing courses on technical drawing for trainee tradeswomen, on the building process for workers and client groups, and on building law, casting general structures and construction for practising tradeswomen.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix also published information on the design of childcare facilities, careers in architecture and on women and the environment.<ref></ref>
== Built work ==
The most well known built work is the Jagonari Educational Resource Centre, a project for women from the largely Bangladeshi community of Whitechapel, London.<ref> Former Jagonari Women's Centre, 183-185 Whitechapel Road|url=https://surveyoflondon.org/map/feature/453/detail/|website=surveyoflondon.org|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref><ref></ref><ref name=":1" /> Other notable works include the Dalston Children's Centre and Harlow Women's Aid Centre.<ref name=":1" />
== Publications ==
Matrix produced a range of publications, including the books ''Making Space: Women and the Man Made Environment'' (London: Pluto Press, 1984) and ''A Job Designing Buildings: For Women Interested in Architecture and Buildings'' (London: Matrix Feminist Design Co-operative, 1986).
== Impact ==
Matrix has had ongoing impact on feminist approaches to design and [[participatory design]] methodologies, and is an important precursor to later feminist groups and organisations.<ref name=":3" /><ref></ref><ref></ref><ref name=":4" /><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Recognition is increasing, although the editors of ''Women and the Making of Built Space in England, 1870-1950'' describe ''Making Space'' as “highly important but underrated.”<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Founding members of Matrix went on to have significant roles in British architectural practice and as educators.<ref> Architects for Health|url=https://www.architectsforhealth.com/2017/09/susan-francis-obituary/|last=Cooper|first=John|date=2017|website=|language=en-GB|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> The impact of the collective was reinforced in 2019 when Matrix was nominated for the [[Royal Institute of British Architects|RIBA]] Gold Medal Award.<ref></ref> In 2020, the Matrix online archive project received seed funding from the [[University College London]] Bartlett Innovation Award.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Women architects]]
[[Category:Feminist organisations in England]]
[[Category:British architects]]
[[Category:English architects]]
[[Category:Architecture academics]]
[[Category:Women's history]]
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