Pinnermck: added portrait
[[File:(Portrait of Nancy Maria Donaldson Johnson) (LOC) (39814349135).jpg|thumb|Photo portrait of Nancy Maria Donaldson Johnson]]
'''Nancy Maria Donaldson Johnson''' (born 28 Dec. 1794 - died 22 April 1890) was awarded the first US patent for a hand-cranked ice cream freezer in 1843.<ref name=":0">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== Biography ==
Nancy was born to Dr. Lothario Donaldson and Mary 'Polly' Rider in [[New York (state)|New York]]. She served with her sister Mary as a missionary for the [[Port Royal Experiment]]. She married Professor Walter Rogers Johnson. She lived in Philadelphia in 1843 when she filed for her patent.
She adopted two children. She died in [[Washington, D.C.]] in 1890.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== Contributions ==
Johnson enhanced the ice cream making process by creating an appliance that used hand-cranked spatulas inside a cylinder to scrape ice crystals from the walls of the cooled container. She added holes to the spatulas to make it easier to crank. <ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
Johnson received $1500 during the course of her life for her patent.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> However, she didn't enforce the patent, and William G. Young produced the Johnson Patent Ice-Cream Freezer in 1848.<ref name=":0" />
== See also ==
[https://ift.tt/2VmYP29 Patent US3254A]
== References ==
'''Nancy Maria Donaldson Johnson''' (born 28 Dec. 1794 - died 22 April 1890) was awarded the first US patent for a hand-cranked ice cream freezer in 1843.<ref name=":0">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== Biography ==
Nancy was born to Dr. Lothario Donaldson and Mary 'Polly' Rider in [[New York (state)|New York]]. She served with her sister Mary as a missionary for the [[Port Royal Experiment]]. She married Professor Walter Rogers Johnson. She lived in Philadelphia in 1843 when she filed for her patent.
She adopted two children. She died in [[Washington, D.C.]] in 1890.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== Contributions ==
Johnson enhanced the ice cream making process by creating an appliance that used hand-cranked spatulas inside a cylinder to scrape ice crystals from the walls of the cooled container. She added holes to the spatulas to make it easier to crank. <ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
Johnson received $1500 during the course of her life for her patent.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> However, she didn't enforce the patent, and William G. Young produced the Johnson Patent Ice-Cream Freezer in 1848.<ref name=":0" />
== See also ==
[https://ift.tt/2VmYP29 Patent US3254A]
== References ==
from Wikipedia - New pages [en] https://ift.tt/2VekVDE
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