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In the [[Middle Ages]], '''''renovatio imperii Romanorum''''' ("renewal of the empire of the Romans") was a formula declaring the intention to restore or revive the [[Roman Empire]]. The formula (and variations) was used by several emperors of the [[Carolingian dynasty|Carolingian]] and [[Ottonian dynasty|Ottonian]] dynasties.
The phrases ''renovatio Romanorum'' ("renewal of the Romans") and ''renovatio urbis Romae'' ("renewal of the city of Rome") had already been used in [[Classical antiquity|Antiquity]]. The word ''renovatio'' ("renewal") and its relatives, ''resitutio'' ("restitution") and ''reparatio'' ("restoration"), occasionally appeared on [[Roman coins]] from the reign of [[Hadrian]] onward, usually signifying the restoration of peace following rebellion. The formula seems especially favoured by [[Roman usurpers|usurpers]], such as [[Carausius]], [[Magnentius]] and [[Decentius]].
The form ''renovatio Romanorum imperii'' was first used in a diploma issued by [[Charlemagne]], who was crowned emperor in 800. He was probably inspired, at least in part, by Roman coins. Charlemagne's successor, [[Louis the Pious]], dropped the formula in favour of a new one: ''[[renovatio regni Francorum]]'' ("renewal of the kingdom of the Franks"). When Louis's younger son, [[Charles the Bald]], became emperor in 875 he adopted the combined formula ''renovatio imperii Romani et Francorum'' for his [[Bulla (seal)|seal]].
The formula ''renovatio imperii Romanorum'' reappears on a lead seal of the Emperor [[Otto III]] in August 998. This seal was replaced in January 1001 by one bearing the legend ''aurea Roma'' ("golden Rome"). Otto III also built a palace in Rome, which none of his predecessors had done. Otto III's use of the formula has been made to bear much historical weight in light of his enigmatic career and politics. The historian [[Percy Ernst Schramm]] argued that the formula represented a coherent programme for the restoration of the Roman Empire along secular and universal lines. Knut Görich has written a riposte to Schramm's thesis, arguing instead that Otto III and Pope [[Pope Gregory V|Gregory V]] were embarking on a renewal of the papacy only.
==Notes==
==Bibliography==
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[[Category:Latin mottos]]
[[Category:Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Carolingian Empire]]
[[Category:Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Charlemagne]]
The phrases ''renovatio Romanorum'' ("renewal of the Romans") and ''renovatio urbis Romae'' ("renewal of the city of Rome") had already been used in [[Classical antiquity|Antiquity]]. The word ''renovatio'' ("renewal") and its relatives, ''resitutio'' ("restitution") and ''reparatio'' ("restoration"), occasionally appeared on [[Roman coins]] from the reign of [[Hadrian]] onward, usually signifying the restoration of peace following rebellion. The formula seems especially favoured by [[Roman usurpers|usurpers]], such as [[Carausius]], [[Magnentius]] and [[Decentius]].
The form ''renovatio Romanorum imperii'' was first used in a diploma issued by [[Charlemagne]], who was crowned emperor in 800. He was probably inspired, at least in part, by Roman coins. Charlemagne's successor, [[Louis the Pious]], dropped the formula in favour of a new one: ''[[renovatio regni Francorum]]'' ("renewal of the kingdom of the Franks"). When Louis's younger son, [[Charles the Bald]], became emperor in 875 he adopted the combined formula ''renovatio imperii Romani et Francorum'' for his [[Bulla (seal)|seal]].
The formula ''renovatio imperii Romanorum'' reappears on a lead seal of the Emperor [[Otto III]] in August 998. This seal was replaced in January 1001 by one bearing the legend ''aurea Roma'' ("golden Rome"). Otto III also built a palace in Rome, which none of his predecessors had done. Otto III's use of the formula has been made to bear much historical weight in light of his enigmatic career and politics. The historian [[Percy Ernst Schramm]] argued that the formula represented a coherent programme for the restoration of the Roman Empire along secular and universal lines. Knut Görich has written a riposte to Schramm's thesis, arguing instead that Otto III and Pope [[Pope Gregory V|Gregory V]] were embarking on a renewal of the papacy only.
==Notes==
==Bibliography==
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
[[Category:Latin mottos]]
[[Category:Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Carolingian Empire]]
[[Category:Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Charlemagne]]
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