Peipsi-Pihkva: /* History */ The Courier article
'''Aboriginal Australian identity''' is the objective or subjective state of perceiving oneself as Aboriginal Australian and as relating to being Aboriginal Australian. The identity of [[Aboriginal Australians]] is one of two [[Indigenous Australian]] identities, the other being that of [[Torres Strait Islanders]].
There are generally two subsets to Aboriginal identity in Australia. Regional versions relating to a specific Aboriginal sub-culture or [[sub-ethnic group]], such as [[Aboriginal Tasmanians]] and [[Aboriginal Victorians]], as well as a broader pan-Aboriginal self-identification<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>:
<blockquote>At least two aspects of Aboriginal identity must be considered here. One aspect is the identity of specific local or regional groups sharing history, culture, and social organization. The other is a more inclusive pan-Aboriginal Australian identity. For many Aborigines both identities are equally important; for some, one or the other takes precedence.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref></blockquote>
Recognition of [[Aboriginal land rights in Australia]] is said to have played a decisive role in its development, as "lands rights has demanded that both Aborigines and [[European Australians|white]] develop and articulate definitions of a unique Aboriginal identity."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Academic [[Gordon Briscoe]] has also proposed that, among many other factors,<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> [[Indigenous health in Australia]] has historically shaped this identity, particularly in relation to British settlement of Australia.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
[[Aboriginal music]] has been positively utilized in public performances to non-participating audiences to further enhance public recognition in, and the development of, Aboriginal identity within modern Australia.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Historian [[Rebe Taylor]], who specializes in Australian indigenous peoples and European settlement, has been critical of negative associations of Aboriginal identity, such as with the [[Australian welfare]] system.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
==History==
In 1988, as part of [[Australian Bicentenary#1988|Bicentennial]] celebrations, then-Prime Minister [[Bob Hawke]] was presented with a statement of Aboriginal political objectives by [[Galarrwuy Yunupingu]] and [[Wenten Rubuntja]], in what became known as [[Barunga, Northern Territory#The Barunga Statement|The Barunga Statement]]. Among many requests, the Statement called for the Australian government to facilitate "respect for and promotion of our Aboriginal identity, including the cultural, linguistic, religious and historical aspects, and including the right to be educated in our own languages and in our own culture and history".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
===Academic research===
Between 1981 and 1986, a rise of 42 percent identifying as Aboriginal occured across Australian census areas. The rise roughly amount to "68,000 new claims of Aboriginal identity".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Anthropologist [[Ian Keen]] has suggested that the scale of varieties of [[Australian Aboriginal languages]] "plays an important role in questions of Aboriginal identity".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
===Modern discourse===
In 2014, an indigenous research fellow at the [[Australian Research Council]] proposed how further "understanding the true nature of Aboriginal identity gives us an opportunity to begin to make decisions on who has the right to claim Aboriginality."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> In 2016, [[Will Hodgman]] announced a relaxation to rules regarding the identity of [[Aboriginal Tasmanians]]. Causing some backlash in the Aboriginal community, the Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre (reconstructionists of the [[Palawa kani]] language) protested that the [[ Premier of Tasmania]]'s proposals would mean that residents need only "'tick a box' if they wanted to claim Aboriginality" and that "the community would be 'swamped with [[white people]]'".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
In March 2019, [[Mark Latham]] announced the [[One Nation]] party's plans to introduce reforms to "tighten the eligibility rules for Aboriginal identity" in Australia, which would "require DNA evidence of at least 25 per cent Indigenous - the equivalent of one fully Aboriginal grandparent."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
Aboriginal identity can become a controversial element in [[Australian politics]]. In May 2019, ''[[The Guardian]]'' revealed how [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]] candidate Jacinta Price, daughter of Aboriginal activist [[Bess Price]], had received criticism for incorrectly calling into question a constituent's Aboriginal identity, referring to him as a [[European Australians|white Australian]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> In June 2019, government minister [[Ben Wyatt]], who had admitted struggling with his own Aboriginal identity as a teenager, praised [[NAIDOC Week]] for its "strong celebration of Aboriginal identity and culture".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
Later in the year, an [[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] 'Indigenous' piece reviewed [[Anita Heiss]]'s ''Growing Up Aboriginal in Australia'', which reported how the book was helping to counter the "racist myth of a singular Aboriginal identity".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Similarly, [[ABC Innovation]]'s ''Little Yarns'' podcast aims to "celebrate the diversity of Indigenous cultures and languages", dispelling misconceptions regarding a "homogenous Aboriginal identity".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
==References==
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of Australia]]
There are generally two subsets to Aboriginal identity in Australia. Regional versions relating to a specific Aboriginal sub-culture or [[sub-ethnic group]], such as [[Aboriginal Tasmanians]] and [[Aboriginal Victorians]], as well as a broader pan-Aboriginal self-identification<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>:
<blockquote>At least two aspects of Aboriginal identity must be considered here. One aspect is the identity of specific local or regional groups sharing history, culture, and social organization. The other is a more inclusive pan-Aboriginal Australian identity. For many Aborigines both identities are equally important; for some, one or the other takes precedence.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref></blockquote>
Recognition of [[Aboriginal land rights in Australia]] is said to have played a decisive role in its development, as "lands rights has demanded that both Aborigines and [[European Australians|white]] develop and articulate definitions of a unique Aboriginal identity."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Academic [[Gordon Briscoe]] has also proposed that, among many other factors,<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> [[Indigenous health in Australia]] has historically shaped this identity, particularly in relation to British settlement of Australia.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
[[Aboriginal music]] has been positively utilized in public performances to non-participating audiences to further enhance public recognition in, and the development of, Aboriginal identity within modern Australia.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Historian [[Rebe Taylor]], who specializes in Australian indigenous peoples and European settlement, has been critical of negative associations of Aboriginal identity, such as with the [[Australian welfare]] system.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
==History==
In 1988, as part of [[Australian Bicentenary#1988|Bicentennial]] celebrations, then-Prime Minister [[Bob Hawke]] was presented with a statement of Aboriginal political objectives by [[Galarrwuy Yunupingu]] and [[Wenten Rubuntja]], in what became known as [[Barunga, Northern Territory#The Barunga Statement|The Barunga Statement]]. Among many requests, the Statement called for the Australian government to facilitate "respect for and promotion of our Aboriginal identity, including the cultural, linguistic, religious and historical aspects, and including the right to be educated in our own languages and in our own culture and history".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
===Academic research===
Between 1981 and 1986, a rise of 42 percent identifying as Aboriginal occured across Australian census areas. The rise roughly amount to "68,000 new claims of Aboriginal identity".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Anthropologist [[Ian Keen]] has suggested that the scale of varieties of [[Australian Aboriginal languages]] "plays an important role in questions of Aboriginal identity".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
===Modern discourse===
In 2014, an indigenous research fellow at the [[Australian Research Council]] proposed how further "understanding the true nature of Aboriginal identity gives us an opportunity to begin to make decisions on who has the right to claim Aboriginality."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> In 2016, [[Will Hodgman]] announced a relaxation to rules regarding the identity of [[Aboriginal Tasmanians]]. Causing some backlash in the Aboriginal community, the Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre (reconstructionists of the [[Palawa kani]] language) protested that the [[ Premier of Tasmania]]'s proposals would mean that residents need only "'tick a box' if they wanted to claim Aboriginality" and that "the community would be 'swamped with [[white people]]'".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
In March 2019, [[Mark Latham]] announced the [[One Nation]] party's plans to introduce reforms to "tighten the eligibility rules for Aboriginal identity" in Australia, which would "require DNA evidence of at least 25 per cent Indigenous - the equivalent of one fully Aboriginal grandparent."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
Aboriginal identity can become a controversial element in [[Australian politics]]. In May 2019, ''[[The Guardian]]'' revealed how [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]] candidate Jacinta Price, daughter of Aboriginal activist [[Bess Price]], had received criticism for incorrectly calling into question a constituent's Aboriginal identity, referring to him as a [[European Australians|white Australian]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> In June 2019, government minister [[Ben Wyatt]], who had admitted struggling with his own Aboriginal identity as a teenager, praised [[NAIDOC Week]] for its "strong celebration of Aboriginal identity and culture".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
Later in the year, an [[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] 'Indigenous' piece reviewed [[Anita Heiss]]'s ''Growing Up Aboriginal in Australia'', which reported how the book was helping to counter the "racist myth of a singular Aboriginal identity".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Similarly, [[ABC Innovation]]'s ''Little Yarns'' podcast aims to "celebrate the diversity of Indigenous cultures and languages", dispelling misconceptions regarding a "homogenous Aboriginal identity".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
==References==
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of Australia]]
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