QuackGuru:
The '''composition''' of the '''emissions''' generated from '''heat-not-burn products''' are generally lower than that found in [[tobacco smoke|cigarette smoke]].<ref name=PieperMallock2018/> This is due to the comparatively low temperatures, the filter systems, and physical design.<ref name=PieperMallock2018/> The composition of what is produced is complex.<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/> The main [[toxicant]]s found in the emissions of cigarette smoke (i.e., [[tar (tobacco residue)|tar]], [[nicotine]], [[carbonyl group#Carbonyl compounds|carbonyl compound]]s, and [[nitrosamine]]s) are also found in the emissions of these products in varying concentrations.<ref name=KaurMuthumalage2018/> The aerosol generated contains levels of nicotine and cancer-causing chemicals that are comparable to regular cigarettes.<ref name=JenssenWalley2017/> The emissions contained 84% of the nicotine found in regular cigarettes.<ref name=Ziedonis2017></ref>
The available research on the mainstream and exhaled aerosol generated by these products is limited, as of 2018.<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/> They do not generate side-stream emissions.<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/> The exhaled aerosol is highly volatile because it is made up of liquid particles that evaporate quickly.<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/> The particle size of their emissions have a [[median aerodynamic diameter]] that is somewhat bigger than those found in cigarette smoke.<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/> There is a lack of agreement on the composition of the emissions in the documented literature, as of 2018. These products, however, still pose health risks.<ref name=PieperMallock2018/> Lower levels of harmful emissions has been shown, but lowering the risk to the smoker who transitions to using them has not been shown, as of 2018.<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/> As a result of the various types of [[heat-not-burn product]]s, the characteristics and effects for each type will be different.
Since the 1960s heat-not-burn tobacco products were in development by tobacco companies.<ref name=EliasDutra2018/> Safer heated tobacco products that deliver nicotine but limit emissions of [[tar (tobacco residue)|tar]] or [[carbon monoxide]] (CO) is a half-century old idea, which had been unsuccessfully [[test market|market-tested]] since 1988, first as [[Premier (cigarette)|Premier]] by the [[R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company|RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company]] (RJR) and later as [[Eclipse (cigarette)|Eclipse]] (RJR) and Accord [[Philip Morris International]] (PMI).<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> Various heat-not-burn products were reintroduced to the market, as of 2018.<ref name=StaalvandeNobelen2018/>
== Introduction ==
[[Heat-not-burn product|Heat-not-burn tobacco products]] are electronic devices that heat processed tobacco to supposedly deliver an aerosol with fewer toxicants than in cigarette smoke.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> Commercially available heat-not-burn tobacco systems like glo (produced by [[British American Tobacco]] (BAT)) or [[heat-not-burn product#IQOS|IQOS]] ([[Philip Morris International]] (PMI)) include a charger, a holder and tobacco sticks, plugs or capsules.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> Inserted into the holder, tobacco sticks are heated with an electronically controlled [[heating element]].<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> Other products, like iFuse from BAT or Ploom Tech from [[Japan Tobacco]] (JT), produce aerosol from a non-tobacco source and pass it through a tobacco plug to absorb flavor and nicotine.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> Heat-not-burn tobacco products aim for a niche between combustible tobacco smoking and [[electronic cigarettes]] that aerosolize nicotine suspended in humectants.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
Since the 1960s heat-not-burn tobacco products were in development by tobacco companies.<ref name=EliasDutra2018></ref> Safer heated tobacco products that deliver nicotine but limit emissions of [[tar (tobacco residue)|tar]] or [[carbon monoxide]] (CO) is a half-century old idea, which had been unsuccessfully [[test market|market-tested]] since 1988, first as [[Premier (cigarette)|Premier]] by the [[R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company|RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company]] (RJR) and later as [[Eclipse (cigarette)|Eclipse]] (RJR) and Accord (PMI).<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> As of 2018, various heat-not-burn products were reintroduced to the market.<ref name=StaalvandeNobelen2018></ref> Japan, where manufacturers have marketed several heat-not-burn brands since 2014, has been the focal national test market, with the intention of developing global marketing strategies.<ref name=ShiCaputi2017></ref> According to a 2018 report, the launching of the latest incarnation of heat-not-burn tobacco products is a reiteration of similar efforts in the past to use similar products to undermine [[tobacco control]], particularly efforts that present the tobacco industry as a [[harm reduction]] partner.<ref name=BialousGlantz2018></ref>
As of 2018, of the current heat-not-burn tobacco products, IQOS was launched in several cities in Japan, Italy and Switzerland in 2014, iFuse was released in Romania in 2015 and glo and Ploom Tech were introduced to Japanese cities in 2016.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> Due to regulations restricting the sale of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, Japan was a fertile market for heat-not-burn tobacco producers, suggesting that the products have potential 'for explosive global growth'.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> By 2017, IQOS was available in 30 countries and was being considered by [[Food and Drug Administration|United States Food and Drug Administration]] for a [[modified risk tobacco product|reduced-risk product]] approval, and the UK was one of the first countries to assign a separate taxation category for heat-not-burn tobacco products.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018></ref>
== A ==
*[[Acenaphthene]]
*[[Acetaldehyde]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
*[[Acrylonitrile]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
*[[Acetone]]
*Additives (non-tobacco)<ref name=WHO2018/>
*[[Acrolein]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
*[[Aerosol]] ([[vapor]])<ref name=WHO2018/>
*[[Ammonia]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
*[[Aldehyde]]s<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018></ref>
*[[1-Naphthylamine |1-Aminonaphthalene]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
*[[2-Naphthylamine|2-Aminonaphthalene]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
*[[4-Aminobiphenyl]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
== B ==
*[[Benzine]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
*[[Benz(a)anthracene]]
*[[Benzo(a)pyrene]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
*[[Butadiene|1,3-Butadiene]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== C ==
*[[Carbonyl group#Carbonyl compounds|Carbonyl compound]]s<ref name=KaurMuthumalage2018/>
*[[Carbon monoxide]]<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/>
*[[Carcinogen]]s.<ref name=COT2017>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
*[[Cotinine]]
*[[Crotonaldehyde]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== E ==
*[[Ethylene oxide]]
== F ==
*[[Flavor#Flavorants or flavorings|Flavorings]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
*[[Formaldehyde]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== G ==
*[[Gase]]s<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/>
*[[Glycerol|Glycerin]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== H ==
*Harmful and potentially harmful compounds (HPHC)
== I ==
*[[Isoprene]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== L ==
*Liquid particles<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/>
== M ==
*[[Menthol]]<ref name=KaurMuthumalage2018/>
*[[Mutagen]]ic substances<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== N ==
*[[Nicotine]]<ref name=WHO2018>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
*Nicotine equivalents
*Nicotine derived agents<ref name=Górski2019/>
*[[Nitric oxide]]
*[[Nitrosamine]]s<ref name=KaurMuthumalage2018></ref>
**[[NNK|Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
**[[N-Nitrosonornicotine|''N''-nitrosonornicotine]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
*[[Nitrogen oxide]]s<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/>
== O ==
*[[Organic compound]]s<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/>
*[[o-Toluidine|''o''-Toluidine]]
== P ==
*[[Particulates|Particulate matter]]
**total particulate matter<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
**Nicotine-free dry particulate matter<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
*Particulate metals<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/>
*[[Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon]]<ref name=Górski2019></ref>
*[[Pyrene]]
*[[Propylene glycol]]<ref name=LiLuo2019></ref>
*[[Propionaldehyde]]
== S ==
*[[Tobacco smoke|Smoke]]<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/>
*[[Solanesol]]<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/>
*Solid particles<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/>
*[[Styrene]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== T ==
*[[Tar (tobacco residue)|Tar]]<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/> (The solids in the emissions have been called nicotine-free dry particulate matter rather than tar in papers written by people related to the [[tobacco industry]].<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018></ref>)
*[[Toluene]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
*[[Toxicant]]s<ref name=LiSaad2018></ref>
== V ==
*[[Volatile organic compound]]s<ref name=KaurMuthumalage2018/>
== W ==
*[[Water]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018></ref>
== Gallery ==
<gallery caption="Various types of heat-not-burn products" widths=165 heights=175 class=center>
File:Philip Morris IQOS Hybrid (30983576194).jpg|alt=IQOS device in black.|IQOS device.
File:Girl smoking tobacco device IQOS.jpg|alt=A person using an IQOS device.|A person using an IQOS device.
File:Lil（リル）.jpg|alt=lil device with tobacco stick.|lil device with tobacco stick.
File:Glo POLAR EDITION.jpg|alt=glo device in white.|glo device.
File:プルームテックデバイス.jpg|alt=Ploom Tech vaporizer.|Ploom Tech vaporizer.
</gallery>
== See also ==
* [[Composition of electronic cigarette aerosol]]
* [[List of heat-not-burn products]]
== Bibliography ==
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)}}
== References ==
[[Category:Cigarette types]]
[[Category:Heat-not-burn products]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 2014]]
[[Category:Philip Morris brands]]
[[Category:Electronic cigarette aerosol carcinogens]]
[[Category:Tobacco smoke carcinogens]]
[[Category:Nicotine products with harm-reduction claims]]
[[Category:Electronic cigarettes]]
The available research on the mainstream and exhaled aerosol generated by these products is limited, as of 2018.<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/> They do not generate side-stream emissions.<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/> The exhaled aerosol is highly volatile because it is made up of liquid particles that evaporate quickly.<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/> The particle size of their emissions have a [[median aerodynamic diameter]] that is somewhat bigger than those found in cigarette smoke.<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/> There is a lack of agreement on the composition of the emissions in the documented literature, as of 2018. These products, however, still pose health risks.<ref name=PieperMallock2018/> Lower levels of harmful emissions has been shown, but lowering the risk to the smoker who transitions to using them has not been shown, as of 2018.<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/> As a result of the various types of [[heat-not-burn product]]s, the characteristics and effects for each type will be different.
Since the 1960s heat-not-burn tobacco products were in development by tobacco companies.<ref name=EliasDutra2018/> Safer heated tobacco products that deliver nicotine but limit emissions of [[tar (tobacco residue)|tar]] or [[carbon monoxide]] (CO) is a half-century old idea, which had been unsuccessfully [[test market|market-tested]] since 1988, first as [[Premier (cigarette)|Premier]] by the [[R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company|RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company]] (RJR) and later as [[Eclipse (cigarette)|Eclipse]] (RJR) and Accord [[Philip Morris International]] (PMI).<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> Various heat-not-burn products were reintroduced to the market, as of 2018.<ref name=StaalvandeNobelen2018/>
== Introduction ==
[[Heat-not-burn product|Heat-not-burn tobacco products]] are electronic devices that heat processed tobacco to supposedly deliver an aerosol with fewer toxicants than in cigarette smoke.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> Commercially available heat-not-burn tobacco systems like glo (produced by [[British American Tobacco]] (BAT)) or [[heat-not-burn product#IQOS|IQOS]] ([[Philip Morris International]] (PMI)) include a charger, a holder and tobacco sticks, plugs or capsules.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> Inserted into the holder, tobacco sticks are heated with an electronically controlled [[heating element]].<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> Other products, like iFuse from BAT or Ploom Tech from [[Japan Tobacco]] (JT), produce aerosol from a non-tobacco source and pass it through a tobacco plug to absorb flavor and nicotine.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> Heat-not-burn tobacco products aim for a niche between combustible tobacco smoking and [[electronic cigarettes]] that aerosolize nicotine suspended in humectants.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
Since the 1960s heat-not-burn tobacco products were in development by tobacco companies.<ref name=EliasDutra2018></ref> Safer heated tobacco products that deliver nicotine but limit emissions of [[tar (tobacco residue)|tar]] or [[carbon monoxide]] (CO) is a half-century old idea, which had been unsuccessfully [[test market|market-tested]] since 1988, first as [[Premier (cigarette)|Premier]] by the [[R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company|RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company]] (RJR) and later as [[Eclipse (cigarette)|Eclipse]] (RJR) and Accord (PMI).<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> As of 2018, various heat-not-burn products were reintroduced to the market.<ref name=StaalvandeNobelen2018></ref> Japan, where manufacturers have marketed several heat-not-burn brands since 2014, has been the focal national test market, with the intention of developing global marketing strategies.<ref name=ShiCaputi2017></ref> According to a 2018 report, the launching of the latest incarnation of heat-not-burn tobacco products is a reiteration of similar efforts in the past to use similar products to undermine [[tobacco control]], particularly efforts that present the tobacco industry as a [[harm reduction]] partner.<ref name=BialousGlantz2018></ref>
As of 2018, of the current heat-not-burn tobacco products, IQOS was launched in several cities in Japan, Italy and Switzerland in 2014, iFuse was released in Romania in 2015 and glo and Ploom Tech were introduced to Japanese cities in 2016.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> Due to regulations restricting the sale of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, Japan was a fertile market for heat-not-burn tobacco producers, suggesting that the products have potential 'for explosive global growth'.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/> By 2017, IQOS was available in 30 countries and was being considered by [[Food and Drug Administration|United States Food and Drug Administration]] for a [[modified risk tobacco product|reduced-risk product]] approval, and the UK was one of the first countries to assign a separate taxation category for heat-not-burn tobacco products.<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018></ref>
== A ==
*[[Acenaphthene]]
*[[Acetaldehyde]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
*[[Acrylonitrile]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
*[[Acetone]]
*Additives (non-tobacco)<ref name=WHO2018/>
*[[Acrolein]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
*[[Aerosol]] ([[vapor]])<ref name=WHO2018/>
*[[Ammonia]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
*[[Aldehyde]]s<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018></ref>
*[[1-Naphthylamine |1-Aminonaphthalene]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
*[[2-Naphthylamine|2-Aminonaphthalene]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
*[[4-Aminobiphenyl]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
== B ==
*[[Benzine]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
*[[Benz(a)anthracene]]
*[[Benzo(a)pyrene]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
*[[Butadiene|1,3-Butadiene]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== C ==
*[[Carbonyl group#Carbonyl compounds|Carbonyl compound]]s<ref name=KaurMuthumalage2018/>
*[[Carbon monoxide]]<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/>
*[[Carcinogen]]s.<ref name=COT2017>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
*[[Cotinine]]
*[[Crotonaldehyde]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== E ==
*[[Ethylene oxide]]
== F ==
*[[Flavor#Flavorants or flavorings|Flavorings]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
*[[Formaldehyde]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== G ==
*[[Gase]]s<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/>
*[[Glycerol|Glycerin]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== H ==
*Harmful and potentially harmful compounds (HPHC)
== I ==
*[[Isoprene]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== L ==
*Liquid particles<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/>
== M ==
*[[Menthol]]<ref name=KaurMuthumalage2018/>
*[[Mutagen]]ic substances<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== N ==
*[[Nicotine]]<ref name=WHO2018>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
*Nicotine equivalents
*Nicotine derived agents<ref name=Górski2019/>
*[[Nitric oxide]]
*[[Nitrosamine]]s<ref name=KaurMuthumalage2018></ref>
**[[NNK|Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
**[[N-Nitrosonornicotine|''N''-nitrosonornicotine]]<ref name=SimonaviciusMcNeill2018/>
*[[Nitrogen oxide]]s<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/>
== O ==
*[[Organic compound]]s<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/>
*[[o-Toluidine|''o''-Toluidine]]
== P ==
*[[Particulates|Particulate matter]]
**total particulate matter<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
**Nicotine-free dry particulate matter<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
*Particulate metals<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/>
*[[Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon]]<ref name=Górski2019></ref>
*[[Pyrene]]
*[[Propylene glycol]]<ref name=LiLuo2019></ref>
*[[Propionaldehyde]]
== S ==
*[[Tobacco smoke|Smoke]]<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/>
*[[Solanesol]]<ref name=KaunelienėMeišutovič-Akhtarieva2018/>
*Solid particles<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/>
*[[Styrene]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
== T ==
*[[Tar (tobacco residue)|Tar]]<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018/> (The solids in the emissions have been called nicotine-free dry particulate matter rather than tar in papers written by people related to the [[tobacco industry]].<ref name=DautzenbergDautzenberg2018></ref>)
*[[Toluene]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018/>
*[[Toxicant]]s<ref name=LiSaad2018></ref>
== V ==
*[[Volatile organic compound]]s<ref name=KaurMuthumalage2018/>
== W ==
*[[Water]]<ref name=PieperMallock2018></ref>
== Gallery ==
<gallery caption="Various types of heat-not-burn products" widths=165 heights=175 class=center>
File:Philip Morris IQOS Hybrid (30983576194).jpg|alt=IQOS device in black.|IQOS device.
File:Girl smoking tobacco device IQOS.jpg|alt=A person using an IQOS device.|A person using an IQOS device.
File:Lil（リル）.jpg|alt=lil device with tobacco stick.|lil device with tobacco stick.
File:Glo POLAR EDITION.jpg|alt=glo device in white.|glo device.
File:プルームテックデバイス.jpg|alt=Ploom Tech vaporizer.|Ploom Tech vaporizer.
</gallery>
== See also ==
* [[Composition of electronic cigarette aerosol]]
* [[List of heat-not-burn products]]
== Bibliography ==
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)}}
== References ==
[[Category:Cigarette types]]
[[Category:Heat-not-burn products]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 2014]]
[[Category:Philip Morris brands]]
[[Category:Electronic cigarette aerosol carcinogens]]
[[Category:Tobacco smoke carcinogens]]
[[Category:Nicotine products with harm-reduction claims]]
[[Category:Electronic cigarettes]]
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