Visodilatory shock

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'''Vasodilatory shock''' or '''vasogenic shock''' is a [[medical emergency]] belonging to [[Shock (circulatory)|shock]] along with [[cardiogenic shock]], [[septic shock]] and [[hypovolemic shock]]. In vasodilatory shock, the blood vessels suddenly relax and results in [[vasodilation]]. When the blood vessels are too relaxed leading to extreme vasodilation, [[blood pressure]] drops and blood flow becomes very low. Without enough blood pressure, blood and oxygen don’t be pushed to reach the body’s [[human organs|organ]]s. If vasodilatory shock lasts more than a few minutes, the lack of oxygen starts to damage the body’s organs. Vasodilatory shock like other types of shock should be treated quickly, otherwise it can cause permanent organ damage or death as a result of [[multiple organ dysfunction]].<ref name="Shock"/><ref name="Jentzer Vallabhajosyula Khanna Chawla 2018 pp. 416–426"></ref><ref name="Gkisioti Mentzelopoulos 2011 pp. 1–6"/>

Treatment typically involves uses of [[vasopressor]] medications, [[inotropes]], and introduction of [[resuscitation]]. <ref name="Jentzer Vallabhajosyula Khanna Chawla 2018 pp. 416–426"/> In case of vasodilatory shock fails to respond to high dose of vasopressor medications, it's called '''refractory vasodilatory shock''' or simply '''refractory shock'''<ref name="Jentzer Vallabhajosyula Khanna Chawla 2018 pp. 416–426"/><ref name="Masarwa Paret Perlman Reif p. ">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>. Adjunctive therapies include [[angiotensin II]], [[hydrocortisone]], [[thiamine]], [[catecolamine]]s, [[ascorbic acid]] and combinations of thereof.<ref name="Jentzer Vallabhajosyula Khanna Chawla 2018 pp. 416–426"/><ref name="Khanna English Wang Ham pp. 419–430">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref name="Dünser Wenzel Mayr Hasibeder 2002 pp. 650–659">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>

==Signs and symptoms==
*Confusion or lack of alertness
*Loss of consciousness
*A sudden and ongoing rapid heartbeat
*Sweating
*Pale skin
*A weak pulse
*Rapid breathing
*Decreased or no urine output
*Cool hands and feet

<ref name="Shock"/>

==Cause==

A [[bacterial infection]] in the bloodstream, a severe [[allergic reaction]], or damage to the [[nervous system]] ([[human brain|brain]] and [[nerve]]s) may cause vasodilatory shock. <ref name="Shock"></ref>

==Pathphysiology==

In case of [[cardiogenic shock]] or acute [[hemorrhagic shock]] resulted from [[heart failure]] or from a large volume of blood loss, respectively, body deals with which by constricting peripheral vessels for the sake of reversing low arterial pressure that causes inadequate tissue perfusion.<ref name="Landry Oliver pp. 588–595">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Nevertheless, in vasodilatory shock, peripheral vascular smooth muscle find it difficult to constrict. <ref name="Landry Oliver pp. 588–595"/> In refractory vasodilatory shock, peripheral vascular smooth muscle even find itself poorly respond to therapy with vasopressor drugs. <ref name="Landry Oliver pp. 588–595"/>

<ref name="Gkisioti Mentzelopoulos 2011 pp. 1–6"></ref>

==Diagnosis==

==Management==

==Epidemiology==

==Prognosis==

==Reference==

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