List of Laboratory Techniques in Archaeology

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=== List of Laboratory Techniques in Archaeology ===

Archaeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of [[material culture]].
When analyzing recovered materials such as : [[bones]], [[stone tools]] or [[artifacts]] archaeologists
refer to [[laboratory]] testing or examinations. The archaeologist would give a [[sample]] or a number
of samples to a laboratory specialist, in order to examine the samples. Certain techniques can be used
in the laboratory to determine a number of [[characteristics]] or [[properties]] of a sample.
Characteristics and properties are not the only factors to be determined, an archaeologist would also
be interested in determining the age of a sample. The most popular type of testing, in order to determine
the age of a sample would be a laboratory technique known as [[Radiocarbon dating]]. This type of
scientific testing is good for testing materials that are [[organic]]. In referring to properties of a
sample we refer to the [[physical properties]] or [[chemical properties]]. Once an artifact is obtained
from an archaeological [[excavation]] the artifact is then carefully and delicately cleaned in the laboratory
to remove any [[soil]], [[moss]], or [[lichen]]. If the artifact was obtained from an ocean or sea floor then
we remove all [[coral]] and [[seaweed]]. Archaeologists also specialize in [[restoration]] of certain
artifacts. Another important type of laboratory testing of archaeological samples would be a process involving
the use of an [[Atomic absorption spectroscopy]] instrument. If we wanted to determine a certain type of
element within a sample then we would directly use a technique known as [[electrothermal vaporization]] for a solid
sample.

Below is a list of laboratory techniques used in archaeology :


[[File:Celtic jug.jpg|thumb]]


* [[Atomic absorption spectroscopy]]

* [[Cementochronology]]

* [[Fluorine absorption dating]]

* [[Gas Chromatography analysis]]

* [[Herbchronology]]

* [[Historic paint analysis]]

* [[Luminescence dating]]

* [[Nitrogen dating]]

* [[Obsidian hydration dating]]

* [[Optically stimulated luminescence]]

* [[Oxidizable carbon ratio dating]]

* [[Phosphate analysis]]

* [[Potassium - Argon dating]]

* [[Radiocarbon dating]]

* [[Rehydroxylation dating]]

* [[Varnish microlamination]]


Back in 2011, English road workers unearthed a tangled mass of headless skeletons and severed skulls while digging
foundations for a new highway, with this discovery they called in the archaeologists to further investigate the
site. The Ridgeway Hill viking burial pit in [[Weymouth]], [[England]]<ref>https://ift.tt/2E5Smhz>
is a site that puzzled archaeologists, and laboratory specialists working together. However after examining the skeletons
and skulls they concluded that the skeletons were from a [[Scandinavian]] country but this was only after, they did laboratory
examinations involving the teeth of the skulls. Samples of teeth pieces were cut and shaped ready for laboratory
testing. Overall the results showed that the teeth samples contained large amounts of [[strontium]]. With this information
it was concluded that the skeletons and skulls were from a country that has a very cold climate, possibly from [[Norway]]
or [[Sweden]].


=== See Also ===

* [[Dating methods in archaeology]]

* [[Material culture]]





=== References ===

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