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'''Isaac ben Melchizedek''', also known by the acronym '''Ribmaṣ''' () (c. 1090–1160), was a rabbinic scholar from [[Siponto]] in Italy, and one of the first medieval scholars to have composed a commentary on the [[Mishnah]], although today only ''[[Seder Zera'im]]'' survives. Elements of the Mishnaic order of ''[[Taharot]]'' are also cited in his name by the [[Tosafists]],<ref>Cf. the ''Sefer ha-Makhri'a'' ([[Leghorn (city)|Leghorn]], 1779) of [[Isaiah di Trani]] (nos 62, 86, ''et al.'') and [[Chaim Yosef David Azulai]] in ''Shem ha-Gedolim'', i. 106</ref> but the complete work is no longer extant.
==Background==
Rabbi Isaac ben Melchizedek was the son of an astute Italian Jewish Talmudist. Rabbi Isaac eventually moved away from his home town and settled in [[Salerno]]. Rabbi Isaac is known to have fathered at least two sons: Judah and Shiloh. It was in Salerno that Isaac's son, Judah, met with the renowned Jewish traveler, [[Benjamin of Tudela]]. Benjamin of Tudelo referred to his father, Rabbi Isaac, as "the great rabbi." In Italy, Rabbi Isaac maintained a correspondence with Rabbi [[Rabbeinu Tam|Yaakov ben Meir]], known also as ''Rabbeinu Tam''. Shiloh, his son, is mentioned in ''Sefer ha-'Ittur''.
Isaac's Mishnah commentary is thought to have had a wide dissemination among Jewish communities throughout the [[Mediterranean]] littoral and Egypt, as some of his words are cited and argued against by great Jewish scholars in [[Fostat]]<ref>Simcha Assaf, ''Kiryat Sefer'', XVIII (1941), p. 65</ref> and in [[Posquières]].<ref>R. [[Abraham b. David of Posquières]]' gloss to ''[[Mishneh Torah]]'', ''Tum'eot ha-Met'' 1:2, 14:7, and 15:3</ref><ref>David Jeremy Silver, ''Maimonidean Criticism and the Maimonidean Controversy 1180–1240'', [[E.J. Brill]], Leiden 1965, p. [https://ift.tt/31hHjvK 22 (note 2)]</ref> Rabbi [[Abraham b. David of Posquières]] referred to Rabbi Isaac by the epithet, ''Ha-Rav ha-Yevani'', meaning, "the Grecian rabbi," seeing that part of southern Italy was at that time under [[Byzantine]] influence. Rabbi Isaac's work is also widely cited by [[Solomon Sirilio]] where, occasionally, he decides in favor of Isaac's interpretation of a passage in the Mishnah over that of the later scholar, [[Maimonides]].
Rabbi Isaac's commentary of Seder Zera'im has been printed in the 1890 [[Romm publishing house|Romm Wilna edition]] of the [[Babylonian Talmud]]. The portion of Mishnah ''[[Bikkurim (tractate)|Bikkurim]]'' 2:4 to the end was printed earlier as an addition to [[Shimshon of Sens]]'s commentary of the Mishnah. In Rabbi Isaac ben Melchizedek's commentary, besides citing from the two Talmuds, he frequently makes use of other classical rabbinic sources, such as the ''[[Tosefta]]'', the ''[[Sifra]]'' on Leviticus, ''[[Sifri Zutta|Sifrei Zuṭa]]'' on the Book of Numbers, the [[Aramaic Targum]], the ''[[Seder 'Olam]]'', the ''Sefer Arukh'' of Rabbi [[Nathan ben Jehiel]] of Rome, the commentary written by Rabbi [[Hai Gaon]] on the Mishnaic orders of ''Zera'im'' and ''Ṭaharot'', as well as citing elements taken from R. [[Nissim ben Jacob|Nissim]]'s ''Sefer Mafteaḥ'' ("The book of the key to unlocking the Talmud").
==Further reading==
* ''[https://ift.tt/2Ki3cFx The Commentary of Rivmatz on Mishnah Zera'im]'' (Based on the London MS and Oxford MS)<ref>Neubauer, "Cat. Bodl. Hebr. MSS." No. 392</ref> ()
*Isaac Gottlieb, ''The Agricultural Jewish law as gleaned from the Mishnah Commentary of Rabbi Isaac ben Melchizedek of Siponto''
==References==
==Bibliography==
*
==Background==
Rabbi Isaac ben Melchizedek was the son of an astute Italian Jewish Talmudist. Rabbi Isaac eventually moved away from his home town and settled in [[Salerno]]. Rabbi Isaac is known to have fathered at least two sons: Judah and Shiloh. It was in Salerno that Isaac's son, Judah, met with the renowned Jewish traveler, [[Benjamin of Tudela]]. Benjamin of Tudelo referred to his father, Rabbi Isaac, as "the great rabbi." In Italy, Rabbi Isaac maintained a correspondence with Rabbi [[Rabbeinu Tam|Yaakov ben Meir]], known also as ''Rabbeinu Tam''. Shiloh, his son, is mentioned in ''Sefer ha-'Ittur''.
Isaac's Mishnah commentary is thought to have had a wide dissemination among Jewish communities throughout the [[Mediterranean]] littoral and Egypt, as some of his words are cited and argued against by great Jewish scholars in [[Fostat]]<ref>Simcha Assaf, ''Kiryat Sefer'', XVIII (1941), p. 65</ref> and in [[Posquières]].<ref>R. [[Abraham b. David of Posquières]]' gloss to ''[[Mishneh Torah]]'', ''Tum'eot ha-Met'' 1:2, 14:7, and 15:3</ref><ref>David Jeremy Silver, ''Maimonidean Criticism and the Maimonidean Controversy 1180–1240'', [[E.J. Brill]], Leiden 1965, p. [https://ift.tt/31hHjvK 22 (note 2)]</ref> Rabbi [[Abraham b. David of Posquières]] referred to Rabbi Isaac by the epithet, ''Ha-Rav ha-Yevani'', meaning, "the Grecian rabbi," seeing that part of southern Italy was at that time under [[Byzantine]] influence. Rabbi Isaac's work is also widely cited by [[Solomon Sirilio]] where, occasionally, he decides in favor of Isaac's interpretation of a passage in the Mishnah over that of the later scholar, [[Maimonides]].
Rabbi Isaac's commentary of Seder Zera'im has been printed in the 1890 [[Romm publishing house|Romm Wilna edition]] of the [[Babylonian Talmud]]. The portion of Mishnah ''[[Bikkurim (tractate)|Bikkurim]]'' 2:4 to the end was printed earlier as an addition to [[Shimshon of Sens]]'s commentary of the Mishnah. In Rabbi Isaac ben Melchizedek's commentary, besides citing from the two Talmuds, he frequently makes use of other classical rabbinic sources, such as the ''[[Tosefta]]'', the ''[[Sifra]]'' on Leviticus, ''[[Sifri Zutta|Sifrei Zuṭa]]'' on the Book of Numbers, the [[Aramaic Targum]], the ''[[Seder 'Olam]]'', the ''Sefer Arukh'' of Rabbi [[Nathan ben Jehiel]] of Rome, the commentary written by Rabbi [[Hai Gaon]] on the Mishnaic orders of ''Zera'im'' and ''Ṭaharot'', as well as citing elements taken from R. [[Nissim ben Jacob|Nissim]]'s ''Sefer Mafteaḥ'' ("The book of the key to unlocking the Talmud").
==Further reading==
* ''[https://ift.tt/2Ki3cFx The Commentary of Rivmatz on Mishnah Zera'im]'' (Based on the London MS and Oxford MS)<ref>Neubauer, "Cat. Bodl. Hebr. MSS." No. 392</ref> ()
*Isaac Gottlieb, ''The Agricultural Jewish law as gleaned from the Mishnah Commentary of Rabbi Isaac ben Melchizedek of Siponto''
==References==
==Bibliography==
*
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