MelanieN: /* Early life and education */ copy edit
'''Samuel Charache''' was a [[hematologist]] and professor at [[Johns Hopkins University]]. He led the research team that discovered the first effective treatment for [[sickle cell disease]], a painful and sometimes fatal blood disorder that mainly affects [[African Americans]].<ref name = sun/>
==Early life and education==
Charache was born January 12, 1930 in New York City. His parents were Herman and Deborah (Simmons) Charache. He received his bachelor's degree from [[Oberlin College]] in 1951 and his M.D. degree from [[New York University School of Medicine]] in 1955. He interned at New York's Mount Sinai Hospital, then spent two years as a clinical associate at the [[National Cancer Institute]]. He served a residency in internal medicine at the [[University of Pennsylvania Hospital]].<ref></ref>
==Career==
He joined the Johns Hopkins faculty in 1966 and became director of the hematology department of [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]] in 1969. He was a professor in the departments of both pathology and medicine, retiring in 1995.<ref name = matters></ref>
He is best known for his discovery of a treatment for sickle cell disease, a hereditary blood disorder that affects more than 70,000 people in the United States, primarly African Americans.<ref name = sfgate/> The disease gets its name from its effect on red blood cells, which become distorted from their normal round shape into pointed, sickle-shaped cells. It causes recurrent episodes of acute pain that often require hospitalization, transfusions, and strong pain medication. There is no cure.<ref></ref> In the early 1980s he began testing a few patients at Hopkins to see if [[hydroxyurea]], a cancer drug, would help to abate the symptoms of the disease.<ref name = sun></ref> The results were encouraging, and in the 1990s he and a colleague, pediatrician George Dover, who had been researching sickle cell disease for 20 years, launched a [[controlled clinical trial]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (2 for 1)</ref> The results were so dramatic that the trial was halted early, so that the control subjects (those receiving a [[placebo]]) could benefit from the treatment.<ref name = sfgate></ref>
==Personal life==
While still an undergraduate at Oberlin he met and married [[Patricia Charache|Patricia Connamacher]], who became a noted physician in her own right, serving on the Hopkins faculty for more than 50 years and retiring as a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Pathology, Medicine, and Oncology.<ref></ref> They were married for 64 years until her death in 2015, and had one child. He died January 29, 2019 at the age of 89.<ref name = matters/>
==See also==
An [https://ift.tt/2ZAt2gJ oral history] interview with Charache by the [[National Institutes of Health]]
==References==
[[Category:American hematologists]]
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:People from New York City]]
[[Category:People from Baltimore]]
[[Category:Oberlin College alumni]]
[[Category:New York University School of Medicine alumni]]
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University faculty]]
==Early life and education==
Charache was born January 12, 1930 in New York City. His parents were Herman and Deborah (Simmons) Charache. He received his bachelor's degree from [[Oberlin College]] in 1951 and his M.D. degree from [[New York University School of Medicine]] in 1955. He interned at New York's Mount Sinai Hospital, then spent two years as a clinical associate at the [[National Cancer Institute]]. He served a residency in internal medicine at the [[University of Pennsylvania Hospital]].<ref></ref>
==Career==
He joined the Johns Hopkins faculty in 1966 and became director of the hematology department of [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]] in 1969. He was a professor in the departments of both pathology and medicine, retiring in 1995.<ref name = matters></ref>
He is best known for his discovery of a treatment for sickle cell disease, a hereditary blood disorder that affects more than 70,000 people in the United States, primarly African Americans.<ref name = sfgate/> The disease gets its name from its effect on red blood cells, which become distorted from their normal round shape into pointed, sickle-shaped cells. It causes recurrent episodes of acute pain that often require hospitalization, transfusions, and strong pain medication. There is no cure.<ref></ref> In the early 1980s he began testing a few patients at Hopkins to see if [[hydroxyurea]], a cancer drug, would help to abate the symptoms of the disease.<ref name = sun></ref> The results were encouraging, and in the 1990s he and a colleague, pediatrician George Dover, who had been researching sickle cell disease for 20 years, launched a [[controlled clinical trial]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (2 for 1)</ref> The results were so dramatic that the trial was halted early, so that the control subjects (those receiving a [[placebo]]) could benefit from the treatment.<ref name = sfgate></ref>
==Personal life==
While still an undergraduate at Oberlin he met and married [[Patricia Charache|Patricia Connamacher]], who became a noted physician in her own right, serving on the Hopkins faculty for more than 50 years and retiring as a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Pathology, Medicine, and Oncology.<ref></ref> They were married for 64 years until her death in 2015, and had one child. He died January 29, 2019 at the age of 89.<ref name = matters/>
==See also==
An [https://ift.tt/2ZAt2gJ oral history] interview with Charache by the [[National Institutes of Health]]
==References==
[[Category:American hematologists]]
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:People from New York City]]
[[Category:People from Baltimore]]
[[Category:Oberlin College alumni]]
[[Category:New York University School of Medicine alumni]]
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University faculty]]
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