Зенитная Самоходная Установка:
'''Possession of child pornography''' is a crime in many jurisdictions around the world, including all 34 member states of the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]].<ref name=thailand>http://bit.ly/2JEWuu2> The [[International Conference on Combating Child Pornography on the Internet]], held in Vienna in 1999, called for the worldwide criminalization of possession of child pornography.<ref>http://bit.ly/2K5LKEy>
==Definitions and exceptions==
Possession is often deemed distinct from mere viewing without downloading. The 2007 [[Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse]] urges nations to criminalize possession, while criminalization of access to child pornography without downloading remains optional.<ref>http://bit.ly/2JFTZYJ> In 2012, the [[New York Court of Appeals]] ruled that a defendant had to engage in "more affirmative acts of control such as printing, downloading or saving" rather than merely viewing images, to be in violation of the state's law against possession of child pornography.<ref>http://bit.ly/2K3vdkA>
Under the Lanzarote Convention, governments can create additional exceptions to criminalization when the material exclusively constitutes [[virtual child pornography]], or where the child used in the pornography has reached the age of sexual consent and possesses the images solely for their own private use.<ref name=thailand/>
In the United States, [[receipt of child pornography]] is a separate offense carrying more severe penalties than mere possession of child pornography. According to [[Families Against Mandatory Minimums]], given that everyone who possesses child pornography either produced it or received it in some fashion, prosecutors have vast discretion which they can use to induce a defendant to plead guilty to possession of child pornography to avoid prosecution for a more serious charge.<ref>http://bit.ly/2JLmXXh>
==References==
[[Category:Child pornography]]
[[Category:Crimes]]
==Definitions and exceptions==
Possession is often deemed distinct from mere viewing without downloading. The 2007 [[Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse]] urges nations to criminalize possession, while criminalization of access to child pornography without downloading remains optional.<ref>http://bit.ly/2JFTZYJ> In 2012, the [[New York Court of Appeals]] ruled that a defendant had to engage in "more affirmative acts of control such as printing, downloading or saving" rather than merely viewing images, to be in violation of the state's law against possession of child pornography.<ref>http://bit.ly/2K3vdkA>
Under the Lanzarote Convention, governments can create additional exceptions to criminalization when the material exclusively constitutes [[virtual child pornography]], or where the child used in the pornography has reached the age of sexual consent and possesses the images solely for their own private use.<ref name=thailand/>
In the United States, [[receipt of child pornography]] is a separate offense carrying more severe penalties than mere possession of child pornography. According to [[Families Against Mandatory Minimums]], given that everyone who possesses child pornography either produced it or received it in some fashion, prosecutors have vast discretion which they can use to induce a defendant to plead guilty to possession of child pornography to avoid prosecution for a more serious charge.<ref>http://bit.ly/2JLmXXh>
==References==
[[Category:Child pornography]]
[[Category:Crimes]]
from Wikipedia - New pages [en] http://bit.ly/2W5Zjv2
via IFTTT
No comments:
Post a Comment