Featous: /* See also */
[[File:A demonstrator holds a No Justice No Peace sign at the rally for Philando Castile outside the Governor's residence in St Paul MN 7-7-2016 (28137456646).jpg|thumb|Sign at a rally following the 2016 [[shooting of Philando Castile]]]]
"'''No justice, no peace'''" is a political [[slogan]] that originated in protest against [[ethnic violence]] against [[African American]]s by [[White Americans]], though its precise meaning is contested. Its earliest attested use was following the 1986 [[murder of Michael Griffith]] at the hands of mob of white youths.
== Conjunctive or conditional ==
There is disagreement on the type of statement meant by "No justice, no peace." One field of thought is that it is a [[English subjunctive|conjunctive statement]] which is stating the belief that neither of the two states of peace or justice can exist without the existence of the other. The other field of thought is that it is a [[Conditional sentence|conditional statement]], in which the speaker is saying that if there is no justice, then they will not be peaceful.<ref name=BigThink>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> As an example of the conditional interpretation, in reaction to protests after the 2014 [[shooting of Michael Brown]], conservative commentator [[Ernest Istook]] wrote, "'No justice; No peace!' isn't simply a slogan; it's actually a threat. Translated, it means, 'We want revenge!' that will be extracted against anyone who doesn’t bow to the protestors’ demands."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== History ==
[[File:Los Angeles - April 1992 (7123329837).jpg|thumb|Graffiti during the [[1992 Los Angeles riots]] after the acquittal of white police officers in the beating of [[Rodney King]]]]
[[File:No Justice No Peace (27764821874).jpg|thumb|[[Black Lives Matter]] protest in [[Tucson, Arizona]] in July 2016]]
[[File:Paris Batignolles 2 juin 2020 Manifestation Adama Traoré et George Floyd Slogan.jpg|thumb|The French translation of the phrase in [[Paris]] in June 2020 in response to the deaths [[Death of Adama Traoré|Adama Traoré]] and [[Killing of George Floyd|George Floyd]] at the hands of police]]
A similar phrase was used by [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] on December 14, 1967 when he visited a prison in [[Santa Rita, California]] where [[Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War|protesters against the Vietnam War]] were imprisoned. There, he drew an explicit parallel with the [[Vietnam War]] Peace Movement and the [[Civil Rights Movement]]: "I might say that I see these two struggles as one struggle. There can be no justice without peace. And there can be no peace without justice.."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> This form is explicitly conjunctive.<ref name=BigThink/>
However, the first recorded us of "No justice, no peace" as a slogan or chant in the contemporary sense was following the December 20, 1986 [[murder of Michael Griffith]]. Griffith, a [[Trinidadian]] immigrant, and three friends, all black, were assaulted by a mob of white youth in the [[Howard Beach, Queens]], [[New York City]]. Griffith fled the attackers onto a nearby highway, where he was fatally struck by a passing car.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> In 2014, [[Al Sharpton]] recounted: "In the midst of the protest, someone yelled the slogan, 'No justice, no peace'. Others began doing the same, and from then on I adopted it as a rallying cry each and every time a grave miscarriage of justice has befallen the disenfranchised."<ref name=Guardian>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Other sources suggest that the phrase was actually popularized by activist [[Robert "Sonny" Carson]], who is quoted on February 12, 1987 as stating, "'No justice! No peace!' Carson shouted. 'No peace for all of you who dare kill our children if they come into your neighborhood...We are going to make one long, hot summer out here...get ready for a new black in this city!," while the ''New York Times'' reported on July 6, 1987: "'No justice, no peace,' said Mr. Carson repeatedly in what he said he hopes will emerge as the rallying cry for his cause."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Carson appears to have used the phrase conditionally.<ref name=BigThink/> Indeed, [[Ben Zimmer]] of ''[[Language Log]]'' asserts that "in the '80s and '90s,... 'No justice, no peace' was unequivocally understood as conditional, not conjuctive."<ref name=LanguageLog>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Before the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, activist lawyer [[Ron Kuby]] testified on May 11, 1998,
The meaning of "no justice, no peace" may change between conditional and conjunctive depending on the speaker.<ref name=LanguageLog/> After the acquittal in the [[Trayvon Martin]] murder case, the chaplain of the [[University of Pennsylvania]] elucidated four different meanings that the phrase meant to him: "A lack of justice has resulted in a lack of peace", "Heavy hearts now lack peace because of the lack of justice in our nation", and "No peace because of no justice."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Al Sharpton similarly asserts, "let's be clear: 'No justice, no peace' is a peaceful mechanism by which we raise our discontent. And it is a way to expose inequality that would otherwise be ignored."<ref name=Guardian/> In contrast, [[Glen Ford (journalist)|Glen Ford]] asserted after the 2014 [[shooting of Tamir Rice]],
Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>}}
=== ...No racist police ===
The variant "'''No justice, no peace, no racist police'''" is first recorded in print on September 12, 1995. This followed the murder of Joseph Gould, a homeless black man, by an off-duty white Chicago police officer, who fled the scene of the crime while Gould lay dying.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref></ref>
== See also ==
* [[Hands up, don't shoot]]
* [[I can't breathe]]
== References ==
[[Category:American political catchphrases]]
[[Category:Race and crime in the United States]]
[[Category:Words and phrases introduced in 1986]]
"'''No justice, no peace'''" is a political [[slogan]] that originated in protest against [[ethnic violence]] against [[African American]]s by [[White Americans]], though its precise meaning is contested. Its earliest attested use was following the 1986 [[murder of Michael Griffith]] at the hands of mob of white youths.
== Conjunctive or conditional ==
There is disagreement on the type of statement meant by "No justice, no peace." One field of thought is that it is a [[English subjunctive|conjunctive statement]] which is stating the belief that neither of the two states of peace or justice can exist without the existence of the other. The other field of thought is that it is a [[Conditional sentence|conditional statement]], in which the speaker is saying that if there is no justice, then they will not be peaceful.<ref name=BigThink>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> As an example of the conditional interpretation, in reaction to protests after the 2014 [[shooting of Michael Brown]], conservative commentator [[Ernest Istook]] wrote, "'No justice; No peace!' isn't simply a slogan; it's actually a threat. Translated, it means, 'We want revenge!' that will be extracted against anyone who doesn’t bow to the protestors’ demands."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== History ==
[[File:Los Angeles - April 1992 (7123329837).jpg|thumb|Graffiti during the [[1992 Los Angeles riots]] after the acquittal of white police officers in the beating of [[Rodney King]]]]
[[File:No Justice No Peace (27764821874).jpg|thumb|[[Black Lives Matter]] protest in [[Tucson, Arizona]] in July 2016]]
[[File:Paris Batignolles 2 juin 2020 Manifestation Adama Traoré et George Floyd Slogan.jpg|thumb|The French translation of the phrase in [[Paris]] in June 2020 in response to the deaths [[Death of Adama Traoré|Adama Traoré]] and [[Killing of George Floyd|George Floyd]] at the hands of police]]
A similar phrase was used by [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] on December 14, 1967 when he visited a prison in [[Santa Rita, California]] where [[Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War|protesters against the Vietnam War]] were imprisoned. There, he drew an explicit parallel with the [[Vietnam War]] Peace Movement and the [[Civil Rights Movement]]: "I might say that I see these two struggles as one struggle. There can be no justice without peace. And there can be no peace without justice.."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> This form is explicitly conjunctive.<ref name=BigThink/>
However, the first recorded us of "No justice, no peace" as a slogan or chant in the contemporary sense was following the December 20, 1986 [[murder of Michael Griffith]]. Griffith, a [[Trinidadian]] immigrant, and three friends, all black, were assaulted by a mob of white youth in the [[Howard Beach, Queens]], [[New York City]]. Griffith fled the attackers onto a nearby highway, where he was fatally struck by a passing car.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> In 2014, [[Al Sharpton]] recounted: "In the midst of the protest, someone yelled the slogan, 'No justice, no peace'. Others began doing the same, and from then on I adopted it as a rallying cry each and every time a grave miscarriage of justice has befallen the disenfranchised."<ref name=Guardian>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Other sources suggest that the phrase was actually popularized by activist [[Robert "Sonny" Carson]], who is quoted on February 12, 1987 as stating, "'No justice! No peace!' Carson shouted. 'No peace for all of you who dare kill our children if they come into your neighborhood...We are going to make one long, hot summer out here...get ready for a new black in this city!," while the ''New York Times'' reported on July 6, 1987: "'No justice, no peace,' said Mr. Carson repeatedly in what he said he hopes will emerge as the rallying cry for his cause."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Carson appears to have used the phrase conditionally.<ref name=BigThink/> Indeed, [[Ben Zimmer]] of ''[[Language Log]]'' asserts that "in the '80s and '90s,... 'No justice, no peace' was unequivocally understood as conditional, not conjuctive."<ref name=LanguageLog>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Before the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, activist lawyer [[Ron Kuby]] testified on May 11, 1998,
The meaning of "no justice, no peace" may change between conditional and conjunctive depending on the speaker.<ref name=LanguageLog/> After the acquittal in the [[Trayvon Martin]] murder case, the chaplain of the [[University of Pennsylvania]] elucidated four different meanings that the phrase meant to him: "A lack of justice has resulted in a lack of peace", "Heavy hearts now lack peace because of the lack of justice in our nation", and "No peace because of no justice."<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Al Sharpton similarly asserts, "let's be clear: 'No justice, no peace' is a peaceful mechanism by which we raise our discontent. And it is a way to expose inequality that would otherwise be ignored."<ref name=Guardian/> In contrast, [[Glen Ford (journalist)|Glen Ford]] asserted after the 2014 [[shooting of Tamir Rice]],
Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>}}
=== ...No racist police ===
The variant "'''No justice, no peace, no racist police'''" is first recorded in print on September 12, 1995. This followed the murder of Joseph Gould, a homeless black man, by an off-duty white Chicago police officer, who fled the scene of the crime while Gould lay dying.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref></ref>
== See also ==
* [[Hands up, don't shoot]]
* [[I can't breathe]]
== References ==
[[Category:American political catchphrases]]
[[Category:Race and crime in the United States]]
[[Category:Words and phrases introduced in 1986]]
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